11 “Ephraim is like a dove,(A)
    easily deceived and senseless—
now calling to Egypt,(B)
    now turning to Assyria.(C)

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“Will they not return to Egypt(A)
    and will not Assyria(B) rule over them
    because they refuse to repent?(C)

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12 [a]Ephraim(A) feeds on the wind;(B)
    he pursues the east wind all day
    and multiplies lies and violence.(C)
He makes a treaty with Assyria(D)
    and sends olive oil to Egypt.(E)

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 12:1 In Hebrew texts 12:1-14 is numbered 12:2-15.

But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea was a traitor, for he had sent envoys to So[a] king of Egypt,(A) and he no longer paid tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore Shalmaneser seized him and put him in prison.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:4 So is probably an abbreviation for Osorkon.

17 A horse(A) is a vain hope for deliverance;
    despite all its great strength it cannot save.

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who go down to Egypt(A)
    without consulting(B) me;
who look for help to Pharaoh’s protection,(C)
    to Egypt’s shade for refuge.(D)

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16 You said, ‘No, we will flee(A) on horses.’(B)
    Therefore you will flee!
You said, ‘We will ride off on swift horses.’
    Therefore your pursuers will be swift!

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Woe to Those Who Rely on Egypt

31 Woe(A) to those who go down to Egypt(B) for help,
    who rely on horses,(C)
who trust in the multitude of their chariots(D)
    and in the great strength of their horsemen,
but do not look to the Holy One(E) of Israel,
    or seek help from the Lord.(F)

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