The Command to Leave Horeb

1 These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the wilderness east of the Jordan^(A)—that is, in the Arabah^(B)—opposite Suph, between Paran^(C) and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab. ² (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb^(D) to Kadesh Barnea^(E) by the Mount Seir^(F) road.)^(G)

³ In the fortieth year,^(H) on the first day of the eleventh month,^(I) Moses proclaimed^(J) to the Israelites all that the Lord had commanded him concerning them. ⁴ This was after he had defeated Sihon^(K) king of the Amorites,^(L) who reigned in Heshbon,^(M) and at Edrei had defeated Og^(N) king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.^(O)

⁵ East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab,^(P) Moses began to expound this law, saying:

⁶ The Lord our God said to us^(Q) at Horeb,^(R) “You have stayed long enough^(S) at this mountain. ⁷ Break camp and advance into the hill country of the Amorites;^(T) go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah,^(U) in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev^(V) and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites^(W) and to Lebanon,^(X) as far as the great river, the Euphrates.^{(Y) 8} See, I have given you this land^(Z).^(AA) Go in and take possession of the land the Lord swore^(AB) he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them.”

The Appointment of Leaders

⁹ At that time I said to you, “You are too heavy a burden^(AC) for me to carry alone.^{(AD) 10} The Lord your God has increased^(AE) your numbers^(AF) so that today you are as numerous^(AG) as the stars in the sky.^{(AH) 11} May the Lord, the God of your ancestors, increase^(AI) you a thousand times and bless you as he has promised!^{(AJ) 12} But how can I bear your problems and your burdens and your disputes all by myself?^{(AK) 13} Choose some wise, understanding and respected men^(AL) from each of your tribes, and I will set them over you.”

¹⁴ You answered me, “What you propose to do is good.”

¹⁵ So I took^(AM) the leading men of your tribes,^(AN) wise and respected men,^(AO) and appointed them to have authority over you—as commanders^(AP) of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens and as tribal officials.^{(AQ) 16} And I charged your judges at that time, “Hear the disputes between your people and judge^(AR) fairly,^(AS) whether the case is between two Israelites or between an Israelite and a foreigner residing among you.^{(AT) 17} Do not show partiality^(AU) in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be afraid of anyone,^(AV) for judgment belongs to God. Bring me any case too hard for you, and I will hear it.”^{(AW) 18} And at that time I told you everything you were to do.^(AX)

Spies Sent Out

¹⁹ Then, as the Lord our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of the Amorites^(AY) through all that vast and dreadful wilderness^(AZ) that you have seen, and so we reached Kadesh Barnea.^{(BA) 20} Then I said to you, “You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. ²¹ See, the Lord your God has given you the land. Go up and take possession^(BB) of it as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, told you. Do not be afraid;^(BC) do not be discouraged.”^(BD)

²² Then all of you came to me and said, “Let us send men ahead to spy^(BE) out the land^(BF) for us and bring back a report about the route we are to take and the towns we will come to.”

²³ The idea seemed good to me; so I selected^(BG) twelve of you, one man from each tribe. ²⁴ They left and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshkol^(BH) and explored it. ²⁵ Taking with them some of the fruit of the land, they brought it down to us and reported,^(BI) “It is a good land^(BJ) that the Lord our God is giving us.”^(BK)

Rebellion Against the Lord

²⁶ But you were unwilling to go up;^(BL) you rebelled^(BM) against the command of the Lord your God. ²⁷ You grumbled^(BN) in your tents and said, “The Lord hates us; so he brought us out of Egypt to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us. ²⁸ Where can we go? Our brothers have made our hearts melt in fear. They say, ‘The people are stronger and taller^(BO) than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw the Anakites^(BP) there.’”

²⁹ Then I said to you, “Do not be terrified; do not be afraid^(BQ) of them.^{(BR) 30} The Lord your God, who is going before you, will fight^(BS) for you, as he did for you in Egypt, before your very eyes, ³¹ and in the wilderness. There you saw how the Lord your God carried^(BT) you, as a father carries his son, all the way you went until you reached this place.”^(BU)

³² In spite of this,^(BV) you did not trust^(BW) in the Lord your God, ³³ who went ahead of you on your journey, in fire by night and in a cloud by day,^(BX) to search^(BY) out places for you to camp and to show you the way you should go.

³⁴ When the Lord heard^(BZ) what you said, he was angry^(CA) and solemnly swore:^{(CB) 35} “No one from this evil generation shall see the good land^(CC) I swore to give your ancestors, ³⁶ except Caleb^(CD) son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he set his feet on, because he followed the Lord wholeheartedly.^(CE)”

³⁷ Because of you the Lord became angry^(CF) with me also and said, “You shall not enter^(CG) it, either. ³⁸ But your assistant, Joshua^(CH) son of Nun, will enter it. Encourage^(CI) him, because he will lead^(CJ) Israel to inherit^(CK) it. ³⁹ And the little ones that you said would be taken captive,^(CL) your children who do not yet know^(CM) good from bad—they will enter the land. I will give it to them and they will take possession of it. ⁴⁰ But as for you, turn around and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea.^[a](CN)”

⁴¹ Then you replied, “We have sinned against the Lord. We will go up and fight, as the Lord our God commanded us.” So every one of you put on his weapons, thinking it easy to go up into the hill country.

⁴² But the Lord said to me, “Tell them, ‘Do not go up and fight, because I will not be with you. You will be defeated by your enemies.’”^(CO)

⁴³ So I told you, but you would not listen. You rebelled against the Lord’s command and in your arrogance you marched up into the hill country. ⁴⁴ The Amorites who lived in those hills came out against you; they chased you like a swarm of bees^(CP) and beat you down from Seir^(CQ) all the way to Hormah.^{(CR) 45} You came back and wept before the Lord,^(CS) but he paid no attention^(CT) to your weeping and turned a deaf ear^(CU) to you. ⁴⁶ And so you stayed in Kadesh^(CV) many days—all the time you spent there.

²³ At that time I pleaded^(A) with the Lord: ²⁴ “Sovereign Lord, you have begun to show to your servant your greatness^(B) and your strong hand. For what god^(C) is there in heaven or on earth who can do the deeds and mighty works^(D) you do?^{(E) 25} Let me go over and see the good land^(F) beyond the Jordan—that fine hill country and Lebanon.^(G)”

²⁶ But because of you the Lord was angry^(H) with me and would not listen to me. “That is enough,” the Lord said. “Do not speak to me anymore about this matter. ²⁷ Go up to the top of Pisgah^(I) and look west and north and south and east.^(J) Look at the land with your own eyes, since you are not going to cross^(K) this Jordan.^{(L) 28} But commission^(M) Joshua, and encourage^(N) and strengthen him, for he will lead this people across^(O) and will cause them to inherit the land that you will see.” ²⁹ So we stayed in the valley near Beth Peor.^(P)

Obedience Commanded

4 Now, Israel, hear the decrees^(Q) and laws I am about to teach^(R) you. Follow them so that you may live^(S) and may go in and take possession of the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, is giving you. ² Do not add^(T) to what I command you and do not subtract^(U) from it, but keep^(V) the commands^(W) of the Lord your God that I give you.

³ You saw with your own eyes what the Lord did at Baal Peor.^(X) The Lord your God destroyed from among you everyone who followed the Baal of Peor, ⁴ but all of you who held fast to the Lord your God are still alive today.

⁵ See, I have taught^(Y) you decrees and laws^(Z) as the Lord my God commanded^(AA) me, so that you may follow them in the land you are entering^(AB) to take possession of it. ⁶ Observe^(AC) them carefully, for this will show your wisdom^(AD) and understanding to the nations, who will hear about all these decrees and say, “Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.”^{(AE) 7} What other nation is so great^(AF) as to have their gods near^(AG) them the way the Lord our God is near us whenever we pray to him? ⁸ And what other nation is so great as to have such righteous decrees and laws^(AH) as this body of laws I am setting before you today?

⁹ Only be careful,^(AI) and watch yourselves closely so that you do not forget the things your eyes have seen or let them fade from your heart as long as you live. Teach^(AJ) them to your children^(AK) and to their children after them. ¹⁰ Remember the day you stood before the Lord your God at Horeb,^(AL) when he said to me, “Assemble the people before me to hear my words so that they may learn^(AM) to revere^(AN) me as long as they live in the land^(AO) and may teach^(AP) them to their children.” ¹¹ You came near and stood at the foot of the mountain^(AQ) while it blazed with fire^(AR) to the very heavens, with black clouds and deep darkness.^{(AS) 12} Then the Lord spoke^(AT) to you out of the fire. You heard the sound of words but saw no form;^(AU) there was only a voice.^{(AV) 13} He declared to you his covenant,^(AW) the Ten Commandments,^(AX) which he commanded you to follow and then wrote them on two stone tablets. ¹⁴ And the Lord directed me at that time to teach you the decrees and laws^(AY) you are to follow in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess.

Idolatry Forbidden

¹⁵ You saw no form^(AZ) of any kind the day the Lord spoke to you at Horeb^(BA) out of the fire. Therefore watch yourselves very carefully,^{(BB) 16} so that you do not become corrupt^(BC) and make for yourselves an idol,^(BD) an image of any shape, whether formed like a man or a woman, ¹⁷ or like any animal on earth or any bird that flies in the air,^{(BE) 18} or like any creature that moves along the ground or any fish in the waters below. ¹⁹ And when you look up to the sky and see the sun,^(BF) the moon and the stars^(BG)—all the heavenly array^(BH)—do not be enticed^(BI) into bowing down to them and worshiping^(BJ) things the Lord your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven. ²⁰ But as for you, the Lord took you and brought you out of the iron-smelting furnace,^(BK) out of Egypt,^(BL) to be the people of his inheritance,^(BM) as you now are.

²¹ The Lord was angry with me^(BN) because of you, and he solemnly swore that I would not cross the Jordan and enter the good land the Lord your God is giving you as your inheritance. ²² I will die in this land;^(BO) I will not cross the Jordan; but you are about to cross over and take possession of that good land.^{(BP) 23} Be careful not to forget the covenant^(BQ) of the Lord your God that he made with you; do not make for yourselves an idol^(BR) in the form of anything the Lord your God has forbidden. ²⁴ For the Lord your God is a consuming fire,^(BS) a jealous God.^(BT)

²⁵ After you have had children and grandchildren and have lived in the land a long time—if you then become corrupt^(BU) and make any kind of idol,^(BV) doing evil^(BW) in the eyes of the Lord your God and arousing his anger, ²⁶ I call the heavens and the earth as witnesses^(BX) against you^(BY) this day that you will quickly perish^(BZ) from the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess. You will not live there long but will certainly be destroyed. ²⁷ The Lord will scatter^(CA) you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive^(CB) among the nations to which the Lord will drive you. ²⁸ There you will worship man-made gods^(CC) of wood and stone,^(CD) which cannot see or hear or eat or smell.^{(CE) 29} But if from there you seek^(CF) the Lord your God, you will find him if you seek him with all your heart^(CG) and with all your soul.^{(CH) 30} When you are in distress^(CI) and all these things have happened to you, then in later days^(CJ) you will return^(CK) to the Lord your God and obey him. ³¹ For the Lord your God is a merciful^(CL) God; he will not abandon^(CM) or destroy^(CN) you or forget^(CO) the covenant with your ancestors, which he confirmed to them by oath.

The Lord Is God

³² Ask^(CP) now about the former days, long before your time, from the day God created human beings on the earth;^(CQ) ask from one end of the heavens to the other.^(CR) Has anything so great^(CS) as this ever happened, or has anything like it ever been heard of? ³³ Has any other people heard the voice of God^[a] speaking out of fire, as you have, and lived?^{(CT) 34} Has any god ever tried to take for himself one nation out of another nation,^(CU) by testings,^(CV) by signs^(CW) and wonders,^(CX) by war, by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm,^(CY) or by great and awesome deeds,^(CZ) like all the things the Lord your God did for you in Egypt before your very eyes?

³⁵ You were shown these things so that you might know that the Lord is God; besides him there is no other.^{(DA) 36} From heaven he made you hear his voice^(DB) to discipline^(DC) you. On earth he showed you his great fire, and you heard his words from out of the fire. ³⁷ Because he loved^(DD) your ancestors and chose their descendants after them, he brought you out of Egypt by his Presence and his great strength,^{(DE) 38} to drive out before you nations greater and stronger than you and to bring you into their land to give it to you for your inheritance,^(DF) as it is today.

³⁹ Acknowledge^(DG) and take to heart this day that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the earth below. There is no other.^{(DH) 40} Keep^(DI) his decrees and commands,^(DJ) which I am giving you today, so that it may go well^(DK) with you and your children after you and that you may live long^(DL) in the land the Lord your God gives you for all time.

Cities of Refuge^(DM)

⁴¹ Then Moses set aside three cities east of the Jordan, ⁴² to which anyone who had killed a person could flee if they had unintentionally^(DN) killed a neighbor without malice aforethought. They could flee into one of these cities and save their life. ⁴³ The cities were these: Bezer in the wilderness plateau, for the Reubenites; Ramoth^(DO) in Gilead, for the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, for the Manassites.

Introduction to the Law

⁴⁴ This is the law Moses set before the Israelites. ⁴⁵ These are the stipulations, decrees and laws Moses gave them when they came out of Egypt ⁴⁶ and were in the valley near Beth Peor east of the Jordan, in the land of Sihon^(DP) king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon and was defeated by Moses and the Israelites as they came out of Egypt. ⁴⁷ They took possession of his land and the land of Og king of Bashan, the two Amorite kings east of the Jordan. ⁴⁸ This land extended from Aroer^(DQ) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge to Mount Sirion^[b](DR) (that is, Hermon^(DS)), ⁴⁹ and included all the Arabah east of the Jordan, as far as the Dead Sea,^[c] below the slopes of Pisgah.

The Ten Commandments^(DT)

5 Moses summoned all Israel and said:

Hear, Israel, the decrees and laws^(DU) I declare in your hearing today. Learn them and be sure to follow them. ² The Lord our God made a covenant^(DV) with us at Horeb.^{(DW) 3} It was not with our ancestors^[d] that the Lord made this covenant, but with us,^(DX) with all of us who are alive here today.^{(DY) 4} The Lord spoke^(DZ) to you face to face^(EA) out of the fire^(EB) on the mountain. ⁵ (At that time I stood between^(EC) the Lord and you to declare to you the word of the Lord, because you were afraid^(ED) of the fire and did not go up the mountain.) And he said:

²² These are the commandments the Lord proclaimed in a loud voice to your whole assembly there on the mountain from out of the fire, the cloud and the deep darkness;^(FC) and he added nothing more. Then he wrote them on two stone tablets^(FD) and gave them to me.

²³ When you heard the voice out of the darkness, while the mountain was ablaze with fire, all the leaders of your tribes and your elders^(FE) came to me. ²⁴ And you said, “The Lord our God has shown us^(FF) his glory and his majesty,^(FG) and we have heard his voice from the fire. Today we have seen that a person can live even if God speaks with them.^{(FH) 25} But now, why should we die? This great fire will consume us, and we will die if we hear the voice of the Lord our God any longer.^{(FI) 26} For what mortal has ever heard the voice of the living God speaking out of fire, as we have, and survived?^{(FJ) 27} Go near and listen to all that the Lord our God says.^(FK) Then tell us whatever the Lord our God tells you. We will listen and obey.”^(FL)

²⁸ The Lord heard you when you spoke to me, and the Lord said to me, “I have heard what this people said to you. Everything they said was good.^{(FM) 29} Oh, that their hearts would be inclined to fear me^(FN) and keep all my commands^(FO) always, so that it might go well with them and their children forever!^(FP)

³⁰ “Go, tell them to return to their tents. ³¹ But you stay here^(FQ) with me so that I may give you all the commands, decrees and laws you are to teach them to follow in the land I am giving them to possess.”

³² So be careful to do what the Lord your God has commanded you;^(FR) do not turn aside to the right or to the left.^{(FS) 33} Walk in obedience to all that the Lord your God has commanded you,^(FT) so that you may live and prosper and prolong your days^(FU) in the land that you will possess.

Love the Lord Your God

6 These are the commands, decrees and laws the Lord your God directed me to teach you to observe in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess, ² so that you, your children and their children after them may fear^(FV) the Lord your God as long as you live^(FW) by keeping all his decrees and commands^(FX) that I give you, and so that you may enjoy long life.^{(FY) 3} Hear, Israel, and be careful to obey^(FZ) so that it may go well with you and that you may increase greatly^(GA) in a land flowing with milk and honey,^(GB) just as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, promised^(GC) you.

⁴ Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.^{[f](GD) 5} Love^(GE) the Lord your God with all your heart^(GF) and with all your soul and with all your strength.^{(GG) 6} These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts.^{(GH) 7} Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.^{(GI) 8} Tie them as symbols on your hands and bind them on your foreheads.^{(GJ) 9} Write them on the doorframes of your houses and on your gates.^(GK)

¹⁰ When the Lord your God brings you into the land he swore to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, to give you—a land with large, flourishing cities you did not build,^{(GL) 11} houses filled with all kinds of good things you did not provide, wells you did not dig,^(GM) and vineyards and olive groves you did not plant—then when you eat and are satisfied,^{(GN) 12} be careful that you do not forget^(GO) the Lord, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.

¹³ Fear the Lord^(GP) your God, serve him only^(GQ) and take your oaths^(GR) in his name.^{(GS) 14} Do not follow other gods, the gods of the peoples around you; ¹⁵ for the Lord your God^(GT), who is among you, is a jealous God and his anger will burn against you, and he will destroy you from the face of the land. ¹⁶ Do not put the Lord your God to the test^(GU) as you did at Massah. ¹⁷ Be sure to keep^(GV) the commands of the Lord your God and the stipulations and decrees he has given you.^{(GW) 18} Do what is right and good in the Lord’s sight,^(GX) so that it may go well^(GY) with you and you may go in and take over the good land the Lord promised on oath to your ancestors, ¹⁹ thrusting out all your enemies^(GZ) before you, as the Lord said.

²⁰ In the future, when your son asks you,^(HA) “What is the meaning of the stipulations, decrees and laws the Lord our God has commanded you?” ²¹ tell him: “We were slaves of Pharaoh in Egypt, but the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand.^{(HB) 22} Before our eyes the Lord sent signs and wonders—great and terrible—on Egypt and Pharaoh and his whole household. ²³ But he brought us out from there to bring us in and give us the land he promised on oath to our ancestors. ²⁴ The Lord commanded us to obey all these decrees and to fear the Lord our God,^(HC) so that we might always prosper and be kept alive, as is the case today.^{(HD) 25} And if we are careful to obey all this law^(HE) before the Lord our God, as he has commanded us, that will be our righteousness.^(HF)”

Driving Out the Nations

7 When the Lord your God brings you into the land you are entering to possess^(HG) and drives out before you many nations^(HH)—the Hittites,^(HI) Girgashites,^(HJ) Amorites,^(HK) Canaanites, Perizzites,^(HL) Hivites^(HM) and Jebusites,^(HN) seven nations larger and stronger than you— ² and when the Lord your God has delivered^(HO) them over to you and you have defeated them, then you must destroy^(HP) them totally.^[g](HQ) Make no treaty^(HR) with them, and show them no mercy.^{(HS) 3} Do not intermarry with them.^(HT) Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, ⁴ for they will turn your children away from following me to serve other gods,^(HU) and the Lord’s anger will burn against you and will quickly destroy^(HV) you. ⁵ This is what you are to do to them: Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones, cut down their Asherah poles^[h](HW) and burn their idols in the fire.^{(HX) 6} For you are a people holy^(HY) to the Lord your God.^(HZ) The Lord your God has chosen^(IA) you out of all the peoples on the face of the earth to be his people, his treasured possession.^(IB)

⁷ The Lord did not set his affection on you and choose you because you were more numerous^(IC) than other peoples, for you were the fewest^(ID) of all peoples.^{(IE) 8} But it was because the Lord loved^(IF) you and kept the oath he swore^(IG) to your ancestors that he brought you out with a mighty hand^(IH) and redeemed^(II) you from the land of slavery,^(IJ) from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. ⁹ Know therefore that the Lord your God is God;^(IK) he is the faithful God,^(IL) keeping his covenant of love^(IM) to a thousand generations^(IN) of those who love him and keep his commandments.^{(IO) 10} But

¹¹ Therefore, take care to follow the commands, decrees and laws I give you today.

¹² If you pay attention to these laws and are careful to follow them, then the Lord your God will keep his covenant of love with you, as he swore to your ancestors.^{(IQ) 13} He will love you and bless you^(IR) and increase your numbers.^(IS) He will bless the fruit of your womb,^(IT) the crops of your land—your grain, new wine^(IU) and olive oil^(IV)—the calves of your herds and the lambs of your flocks in the land he swore to your ancestors to give you.^{(IW) 14} You will be blessed more than any other people; none of your men or women will be childless, nor will any of your livestock be without young.^{(IX) 15} The Lord will keep you free from every disease.^(IY) He will not inflict on you the horrible diseases you knew in Egypt,^(IZ) but he will inflict them on all who hate you.^{(JA) 16} You must destroy all the peoples the Lord your God gives over to you.^(JB) Do not look on them with pity^(JC) and do not serve their gods,^(JD) for that will be a snare^(JE) to you.

¹⁷ You may say to yourselves, “These nations are stronger than we are. How can we drive them out?^(JF)” ¹⁸ But do not be afraid^(JG) of them; remember well what the Lord your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt.^{(JH) 19} You saw with your own eyes the great trials, the signs and wonders, the mighty hand^(JI) and outstretched arm, with which the Lord your God brought you out. The Lord your God will do the same to all the peoples you now fear.^{(JJ) 20} Moreover, the Lord your God will send the hornet^(JK) among them until even the survivors who hide from you have perished. ²¹ Do not be terrified by them, for the Lord your God, who is among you,^(JL) is a great and awesome God.^{(JM) 22} The Lord your God will drive out those nations before you, little by little.^(JN) You will not be allowed to eliminate them all at once, or the wild animals will multiply around you. ²³ But the Lord your God will deliver them over to you, throwing them into great confusion until they are destroyed.^{(JO) 24} He will give their kings^(JP) into your hand,^(JQ) and you will wipe out their names from under heaven. No one will be able to stand up against you;^(JR) you will destroy them.^{(JS) 25} The images of their gods you are to burn^(JT) in the fire. Do not covet^(JU) the silver and gold on them, and do not take it for yourselves, or you will be ensnared^(JV) by it, for it is detestable^(JW) to the Lord your God. ²⁶ Do not bring a detestable thing into your house or you, like it, will be set apart for destruction.^(JX) Regard it as vile and utterly detest it, for it is set apart for destruction.

Do Not Forget the Lord

8 Be careful to follow every command I am giving you today, so that you may live^(A) and increase and may enter and possess the land the Lord promised on oath to your ancestors.^(B)

²⁶ See, I am setting before you today a blessing^(A) and a curse^(B)—

Judges

¹⁸ Appoint judges^(A) and officials for each of your tribes in every town the Lord your God is giving you, and they shall judge the people fairly.^(B)

Marrying a Captive Woman

¹⁰ When you go to war against your enemies and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands^(A) and you take captives,^(B)