Genesis 1-20

Amplified Bible, Classic Edition

1 In the beginning God (prepared, formed, fashioned, and) created the heavens and the earth.^(A)

² The earth was without form and an empty waste, and darkness was upon the face of the very great deep. The Spirit of God was moving (hovering, brooding) over the face of the waters.

³ And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.

⁴ And God saw that the light was good (suitable, pleasant) and He approved it; and God separated the light from the darkness.^(B)

⁵ And God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.

⁶ And God said, Let there be a firmament [the expanse of the sky] in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters [below] from the waters [above].

⁷ And God made the firmament [the expanse] and separated the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse. And it was so.

⁸ And God called the firmament Heavens. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

⁹ And God said, Let the waters under the heavens be collected into one place [of standing], and let the dry land appear. And it was so.

¹⁰ God called the dry land Earth, and the accumulated waters He called Seas. And God saw that this was good (fitting, admirable) and He approved it.

¹¹ And God said, Let the earth put forth [tender] vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees yielding fruit whose seed is in itself, each according to its kind, upon the earth. And it was so.

¹² The earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed according to their own kinds and trees bearing fruit in which was their seed, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good (suitable, admirable) and He approved it.

¹³ And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.

¹⁴ And God said, Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night, and let them be signs and tokens [of God’s provident care], and [to mark] seasons, days, and years,^(C)

¹⁵ And let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light upon the earth. And it was so.

¹⁶ And God made the two great lights—the greater light (the sun) to rule the day and the lesser light (the moon) to rule the night. He also made the stars.

¹⁷ And God set them in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth,

¹⁸ To rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good (fitting, pleasant) and He approved it.

¹⁹ And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.

²⁰ And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly and swarm with living creatures, and let birds fly over the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.

²¹ God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, which the waters brought forth abundantly, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good (suitable, admirable) and He approved it.

²² And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let the fowl multiply in the earth.

²³ And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.

²⁴ And God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creeping things, and [wild] beasts of the earth according to their kinds. And it was so.

²⁵ And God made the [wild] beasts of the earth according to their kinds, and domestic animals according to their kinds, and everything that creeps upon the earth according to its kind. And God saw that it was good (fitting, pleasant) and He approved it.

²⁶ God said, Let Us [Father, Son, and Holy Spirit] make mankind in Our image, after Our likeness, and let them have complete authority over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the [tame] beasts, and over all of the earth, and over everything that creeps upon the earth.^(D)

²⁷ So God created man in His own image, in the image and likeness of God He created him; male and female He created them.^(E)

²⁸ And God blessed them and said to them, Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it [using all its vast resources in the service of God and man]; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and over every living creature that moves upon the earth.

²⁹ And God said, See, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the land and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food.

³⁰ And to all the animals on the earth and to every bird of the air and to everything that creeps on the ground—to everything in which there is the breath of life—I have given every green plant for food. And it was so.

³¹ And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, it was very good (suitable, pleasant) and He approved it completely. And there was evening and there was morning, a sixth day.

2 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.

² And on the seventh day God ended His work which He had done; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.^(F)

³ And God blessed (spoke good of) the seventh day, set it apart as His own, and hallowed it, because on it God rested from all His work which He had created and done.^(G)

⁴ This is the history of the heavens and of the earth when they were created. In the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens—

⁵ When no plant of the field was yet in the earth and no herb of the field had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not [yet] caused it to rain upon the earth and there was no man to till the ground,

⁶ But there went up a mist (fog, vapor) from the land and watered the whole surface of the ground—

⁷ Then the Lord God formed man from the ^[a]dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath or spirit of life, and man became a living being.^(H)

⁸ And the Lord God planted a garden toward the east, in Eden [delight]; and there He put the man whom He had formed (framed, constituted).

⁹ And out of the ground the Lord God made to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight or to be desired—good (suitable, pleasant) for food; the tree of life also in the center of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of [the difference between] good and evil and blessing and calamity.^(I)

¹⁰ Now a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four [river] heads.

¹¹ The first is named Pishon; it is the one flowing around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold.

¹² The gold of that land is of high quality; bdellium (pearl?) and onyx stone are there.

¹³ The second river is named Gihon; it is the one flowing around the whole land of Cush.

¹⁴ The third river is named Hiddekel [the Tigris]; it is the one flowing east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

¹⁵ And the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to tend and guard and keep it.

¹⁶ And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, You may freely eat of every tree of the garden;

¹⁷ But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil and blessing and calamity you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.

¹⁸ Now the Lord God said, It is not good (sufficient, satisfactory) that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper (suitable, adapted, complementary) for him.

¹⁹ And out of the ground the Lord God formed every [wild] beast and living creature of the field and every bird of the air and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them; and whatever Adam called every living creature, that was its name.

²⁰ And Adam gave names to all the livestock and to the birds of the air and to every [wild] beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found a helper meet (suitable, adapted, complementary) for him.

²¹ And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam; and while he slept, He took one of his ribs or a part of his side and closed up the [place with] flesh.

²² And the rib or part of his side which the Lord God had taken from the man He built up and made into a woman, and He brought her to the man.

²³ Then Adam said, This [creature] is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of a man.

²⁴ Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and shall become united and cleave to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.^(J)

²⁵ And the man and his wife were both naked and were not embarrassed or ashamed in each other’s presence.

3 Now the serpent was more subtle and crafty than any living creature of the field which the Lord God had made. And he [Satan] said to the woman, Can it really be that God has said, You shall not eat from every tree of the garden?^(K)

² And the woman said to the serpent, We may eat the fruit from the trees of the garden,

³ Except the fruit from the tree which is in the middle of the garden. God has said, You shall not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, lest you die.

⁴ But the serpent said to the woman, You shall not surely die,^(L)

⁵ For God knows that in the day you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing the difference between good and evil and blessing and calamity.

⁶ And when the woman saw that the tree was good (suitable, pleasant) for food and that it was delightful to look at, and a tree to be desired in order to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she gave some also to her husband, and he ate.

⁷ Then the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves apronlike girdles.

⁸ And they heard the sound of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God among the trees of the garden.

⁹ But the Lord God called to Adam and said to him, Where are you?

¹⁰ He said, I heard the sound of You [walking] in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; and I hid myself.

¹¹ And He said, Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten of the tree of which I commanded you that you should not eat?

¹² And the man said, The woman whom You gave to be with me—she gave me [fruit] from the tree, and I ate.

¹³ And the Lord God said to the woman, What is this you have done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled (cheated, outwitted, and deceived) me, and I ate.

¹⁴ And the Lord God said to the serpent, Because you have done this, you are cursed above all [domestic] animals and above every [wild] living thing of the field; upon your belly you shall go, and you shall eat dust [and what it contains] all the days of your life.

¹⁵ And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her ^[b]Offspring; He will bruise and tread your head underfoot, and you will lie in wait and bruise His heel.^(M)

¹⁶ To the woman He said, I will greatly multiply your grief and your suffering in pregnancy and the pangs of childbearing; with spasms of distress you will bring forth children. Yet your desire and craving will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.

¹⁷ And to Adam He said, Because you have listened and given heed to the voice of your wife and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you, saying, You shall not eat of it, the ground is under a curse because of you; in sorrow and toil shall you eat [of the fruits] of it all the days of your life.

¹⁸ Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth for you, and you shall eat the plants of the field.

¹⁹ In the sweat of your face shall you eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you shall return.

²⁰ The man called his wife’s name Eve [life spring], because she was the mother of all the living.

²¹ For Adam also and for his wife the Lord God made long coats (tunics) of skins and clothed them.

²² And the Lord God said, Behold, the man has become like one of Us [the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit], to know [how to distinguish between] good and evil and blessing and calamity; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live ^[c]forever—

²³ Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden to till the ground from which he was taken.

²⁴ So [God] drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the Garden of Eden the ^[d]cherubim and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep and guard the way to the tree of life.^(N)

4 And Adam knew Eve as his wife, and she became pregnant and bore Cain; and she said, I have gotten and gained a man with the help of the Lord.

² And [next] she gave birth to his brother Abel. Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.

³ And in the course of time Cain brought to the Lord an offering of the fruit of the ground.

⁴ And Abel brought of the firstborn of his flock and of the fat portions. And the Lord had respect and regard for Abel and for his offering,^(O)

⁵ But for ^[e]Cain and his offering He had no respect or regard. So Cain was exceedingly angry and indignant, and he looked sad and depressed.

⁶ And the Lord said to Cain, Why are you angry? And why do you look sad and depressed and dejected?

⁷ If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin crouches at your door; its desire is for you, but you must master it.

⁸ And Cain said to his brother, ^[f]Let us go out to the field. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him.^(P)

⁹ And the Lord said to Cain, Where is Abel your brother? And he said, I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?

¹⁰ And [the Lord] said, What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying to Me from the ground.

¹¹ And now you are cursed by reason of the earth, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s [shed] blood from your hand.

¹² When you till the ground, it shall no longer yield to you its strength; you shall be a fugitive and a vagabond on the earth [in perpetual exile, a degraded outcast].

¹³ Then Cain said to the Lord, My punishment is ^[g]greater than I can bear.

¹⁴ Behold, You have driven me out this day from the face of the land, and from Your face I will be hidden; and I will be a fugitive and a vagabond and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.

¹⁵ And the Lord said to him, ^[h]Therefore, if anyone kills Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the Lord set a ^[i]mark or sign upon Cain, lest anyone finding him should kill him.

¹⁶ So Cain went away from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod [wandering], east of Eden.

¹⁷ And Cain’s wife [one of Adam’s offspring] became pregnant and bore Enoch; and Cain built a ^[j]city and named it after his son Enoch.

¹⁸ To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the father of Mehujael, and Mehujael the father of Methusael, and Methusael the father of Lamech.

¹⁹ And Lamech took two wives; the name of the one was Adah and of the other was Zillah.

²⁰ Adah bore Jabal; he was the father of those who dwell in tents and have cattle and purchase possessions.

²¹ His brother’s name was Jubal; he was the father of all those who play the lyre and pipe.

²² Zillah bore Tubal-cain; he was the forger of all [cutting] instruments of bronze and iron. The sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.

²³ Lamech said to his wives, Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say; for I have slain a man [merely] for wounding me, and a young man [only] for striking and bruising me.

²⁴ If Cain is avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech [will be avenged] seventy-sevenfold.

²⁵ And Adam’s wife again became pregnant, and she bore a son and called his name Seth. For God, she said, has appointed for me another child instead of Abel, for Cain slew him.

²⁶ And to Seth also a son was born, whom he named Enosh. At that time men began to call [upon God] by the name of the Lord.

5 This is the book (the written record, the history) of the generations of the offspring of Adam. When God created man, He made him in the likeness of God.

² He created them male and female and blessed them and named them [both] Adam [Man] at the time they were created.

³ When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in his own likeness, after his image; and he named him Seth.

⁴ After he had Seth, Adam lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters.

⁵ So altogether Adam lived 930 years, and he died.

⁶ When Seth was 105 years old, Enosh was born.

⁷ Seth lived after the birth of Enosh 807 years and had other sons and daughters.

⁸ So Seth lived 912 years, and he died.

⁹ When Enosh was 90 years old, Kenan was born to him.

¹⁰ Enosh lived after the birth of Kenan 815 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹¹ So Enosh lived 905 years, and he died.

¹² When Kenan was 70 years old, Mahalalel was born.

¹³ Kenan lived after the birth of Mahalalel 840 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁴ So Kenan lived 910 years, and he died.

¹⁵ When Mahalalel was 65 years old, Jared was born.

¹⁶ Mahalalel lived after the birth of Jared 830 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁷ So Mahalalel lived 895 years, and he died.

¹⁸ When Jared was 162 years old, Enoch was born.

¹⁹ Jared lived after the birth of Enoch 800 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁰ So Jared lived 962 years, and he died.

²¹ When Enoch was 65 years old, Methuselah was born.

²² Enoch walked [in habitual fellowship] with God after the birth of Methuselah 300 years and had other sons and daughters.

²³ So all the days of Enoch were 365 years.

²⁴ And Enoch walked [in habitual fellowship] with God; and he was not, for God took him [home with Him].^(Q)

²⁵ When Methuselah was 187 years old, Lamech was born to him.

²⁶ Methuselah lived after the birth of Lamech 782 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁷ So Methuselah lived 969 years, and he died.

²⁸ When Lamech was 182 years old, a son was born.

²⁹ He named him Noah, saying, This one shall bring us relief and comfort from our work and the [grievous] toil of our hands due to the ground being cursed by the Lord.

³⁰ Lamech lived after the birth of Noah 595 years and had other sons and daughters.

³¹ So all the days of ^[k]Lamech were 777 years, and he died.

³² After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

6 When men began to multiply on the face of the land and daughters were born to them,

² The sons of God saw that the daughters of men were fair, and they took wives of all they desired and chose.

³ Then the Lord said, My Spirit shall not forever dwell and strive with man, for he also is flesh; but his days shall yet be 120 years.

⁴ There were giants on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God lived with the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown.

⁵ The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination and intention of all human thinking was only evil continually.

⁶ And the Lord regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved at heart.

⁷ So the Lord said, I will destroy, blot out, and wipe away mankind, whom I have created from the face of the ground—not only man, [but] the beasts and the creeping things and the birds of the air—for it grieves Me and makes Me regretful that I have made them.

⁸ But Noah found grace (favor) in the eyes of the Lord.

⁹ This is the history of the generations of Noah. Noah was a just and righteous man, blameless in his [evil] generation; Noah walked [in habitual fellowship] with God.

¹⁰ And Noah became the father of three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

¹¹ The earth was depraved and putrid in God’s sight, and the land was filled with violence (desecration, infringement, outrage, assault, and lust for power).

¹² And God looked upon the world and saw how degenerate, debased, and vicious it was, for all humanity had corrupted their way upon the earth and lost their true direction.

¹³ God said to Noah, I intend to make an end of all flesh, for through men the land is filled with violence; and behold, I will ^[l]destroy them and the land.

¹⁴ Make yourself an ark of gopher or cypress wood; make in it rooms (stalls, pens, coops, nests, cages, and compartments) and cover it inside and out with pitch (bitumen).

¹⁵ And this is the way you are to make it: the length of the ark shall be 300 cubits, its breadth 50 cubits, and its height 30 cubits [that is, 450 ft. x 75 ft. x 45 ft.].

¹⁶ You shall make a roof or ^[m]window [a place for light] for the ark and finish it to a cubit [at least 18 inches] above—and the ^[n]door of the ark you shall put in the side of it; and you shall make it with lower, second, and third stories.

¹⁷ For behold, I, even I, will bring a flood of waters upon the earth to destroy and make putrid all flesh under the heavens in which are the breath and spirit of life; everything that is on the land shall die.

¹⁸ But I will establish My covenant (promise, pledge) with you, and you shall come into the ark—you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives with you.

¹⁹ And of every living thing of all flesh [found on land], you shall bring two of every sort into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.

²⁰ Of fowls and birds according to their kinds, of beasts according to their kinds, of every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind—two of every sort shall come in with you, that they may be kept alive.

²¹ Also take with you every sort of food that is eaten, and you shall collect and store it up, and it shall serve as food for you and for them.

²² Noah did this; he did all that God commanded him.

7 And the Lord said to Noah, Come with all your household into the ark, for I have seen you to be righteous (upright and in right standing) before Me in this generation.^(R)

² Of every clean beast you shall receive and take with you seven pairs, the male and his mate, and of beasts that are not clean a pair of each kind, the male and his mate,^(S)

³ Also of the birds of the air seven pairs, the male and the female, to keep seed [their kind] alive over all the earth or land.

⁴ For in seven days I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights, and every living substance and thing that I have made I will destroy, blot out, and wipe away from the face of the earth.

⁵ And Noah did all that the Lord commanded him.^(T)

⁶ Noah was 600 years old when the flood of waters came upon the earth or land.

⁷ And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him went into the ark because of the waters of the flood.^(U)

⁸ Of ^[o]clean animals and of animals that are not clean, and of birds and fowls, and of everything that creeps on the ground,

⁹ There went in two and two with Noah into the ark, the male and the female, as God had commanded Noah.

¹⁰ And after the seven days the floodwaters came upon the earth or land.

¹¹ In the year 600 of Noah’s life, in the seventeenth day of the second month, that same day all the fountains of the great deep were broken up and burst forth, and the windows and floodgates of the heavens were opened.

¹² And it rained upon the earth forty days and forty nights.

¹³ On the very same day Noah and Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife and the three wives of his sons with them, went into the ark,

¹⁴ They and every [wild] beast according to its kind, all the livestock according to their kinds, every moving thing that creeps on the land according to its kind, and every fowl according to its kind, every winged thing of every sort.

¹⁵ And they went into the ark with Noah, two and two of all flesh in which there were the breath and spirit of life.

¹⁶ And they that entered, male and female of all flesh, went in as God had commanded [Noah]; and the Lord shut him in and closed [the door] round about him.

¹⁷ The flood [that is, the downpour of rain] was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased and bore up the ark, and it was lifted [high] above the land.

¹⁸ And the waters became mighty and increased greatly upon the land, and the ark went [gently floating] upon the surface of the waters.

¹⁹ And the waters prevailed so exceedingly and were so mighty upon the earth that all the high hills under the whole sky were covered.

²⁰ [In fact] the waters became fifteen cubits higher, as the high hills were covered.

²¹ And all flesh ceased to breathe that moved upon the earth—fowls and birds, [tame] animals, [wild] beasts, all swarming and creeping things that swarm and creep upon the land, and all mankind.

²² Everything on the dry land in whose nostrils were the breath and spirit of life died.

²³ God destroyed (blotted out) every living thing that was upon the face of the earth; man and animals and the creeping things and the birds of the heavens were destroyed (blotted out) from the land. Only Noah remained alive, and those who were with him in the ark.^(V)

²⁴ And the waters prevailed [mightily] upon the earth or land 150 days (five months).

8 And God [earnestly] remembered Noah and every living thing and all the animals that were with him in the ark; and God made a wind blow over the land, and the waters sank down and abated.

² Also the fountains of the deep and the windows of the heavens were closed, the gushing rain from the sky was checked,

³ And the waters receded from the land continually. At the end of 150 days the waters had diminished.

⁴ On the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat [in Armenia].

⁵ And the waters continued to diminish until the tenth month; on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the high hills were seen.

⁶ At the end of [another] forty days Noah opened a window of the ark which he had made

⁷ And sent forth a raven, which kept going to and fro until the waters were dried up from the land.

⁸ Then he sent forth a dove to see if the waters had decreased from the surface of the ground.

⁹ But the dove found no resting-place on which to roost, and she returned to him to the ark, for the waters were [yet] on the face of the whole land. So he put forth his hand and drew her to him into the ark.

¹⁰ He waited another seven days and again sent forth the dove out of the ark.

¹¹ And the dove came back to him in the evening, and behold, in her mouth was a newly sprouted and freshly plucked olive leaf! So Noah knew that the waters had subsided from the land.

¹² Then he waited another seven days and sent forth the dove, but she did not return to him any more.

¹³ In the year 601 [of Noah’s life], on the first day of the first month, the waters were drying up from the land. And Noah ^[p]removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the surface of the ground was drying.

¹⁴ And on the twenty-seventh day of the second month the land was entirely dry.

¹⁵ And God spoke to Noah, saying,

¹⁶ Go forth from the ark, you and your wife and your sons and their wives with you.

¹⁷ Bring forth every living thing that is with you of all flesh—birds and beasts and every creeping thing that creeps on the ground—that they may breed abundantly on the land and be fruitful and multiply upon the earth.

¹⁸ And Noah went forth, and his wife and his sons and their wives with him [after being in the ark one year and ten days].

¹⁹ Every beast, every creeping thing, every bird—and whatever moves on the land—went forth by families out of the ark.

²⁰ And Noah built an altar to the Lord and took of every clean [four-footed] animal and of every clean fowl or bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.

²¹ When the Lord smelled the pleasing odor [a scent of satisfaction to His heart], the Lord said to Himself, I will never again curse the ground because of man, for the imagination (the strong desire) of man’s heart is evil and wicked from his youth; neither will I ever again smite and destroy every living thing, as I have done.

²² While the earth remains, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.

9 And God pronounced a blessing upon Noah and his sons and said to them, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.

² And the fear of you and the dread and terror of you shall be upon every beast of the land, every bird of the air, all that creeps upon the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea; they are delivered into your hand.

³ Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you; and as I gave you the green vegetables and plants, I give you everything.

⁴ But you shall not eat flesh with the life of it, which is its blood.

⁵ And surely for your lifeblood I will require an accounting; from every beast I will require it; and from man, from every man [who spills another’s lifeblood] I will require a reckoning.

⁶ Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God He made man.

⁷ And you, be fruitful and multiply; bring forth abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.

⁸ Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him, saying,

⁹ Behold, I establish My covenant or pledge with you and with your descendants after you

¹⁰ And with every living creature that is with you—whether the birds, the livestock, or the wild beasts of the earth along with you, as many as came out of the ark—every animal of the earth.

¹¹ I will establish My covenant or pledge with you: Never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of a flood; neither shall there ever again be a flood to destroy the earth and make it corrupt.

¹² And God said, This is the token of the covenant (solemn pledge) which I am making between Me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all future generations:

¹³ I set My bow [rainbow] in the cloud, and it shall be a token or sign of a covenant or solemn pledge between Me and the earth.

¹⁴ And it shall be that when I bring clouds over the earth and the bow [rainbow] is seen in the clouds,

¹⁵ I will [earnestly] remember My covenant or solemn pledge which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters will no more become a flood to destroy and make all flesh corrupt.

¹⁶ When the bow [rainbow] is in the clouds and I look upon it, I will [earnestly] remember the everlasting covenant or pledge between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth.

¹⁷ And God said to Noah, This [rainbow] is the token or sign of the covenant or solemn pledge which I have established between Me and all flesh upon the earth.

¹⁸ The sons of Noah who went forth from the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham was the father of Canaan [born later].

¹⁹ These are the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was overspread and stocked with inhabitants.

²⁰ And Noah began to cultivate the ground, and he planted a vineyard.

²¹ And he drank of the wine and became drunk, and he was uncovered and lay naked in his tent.

²² And Ham, the father of Canaan, glanced at and saw the nakedness of his father and told his two brothers outside.

²³ So Shem and Japheth took a garment, laid it upon the shoulders of both, and went backward and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they did not see their father’s nakedness.

²⁴ When Noah awoke from his wine, and knew the thing which his youngest son had done to him,

²⁵ He exclaimed, Cursed be Canaan! He shall be the ^[q]servant of servants to his brethren!^(W)

²⁶ He also said, Blessed be the Lord, the God of Shem! And blessed by the Lord my God be Shem! And let Canaan be his servant.

²⁷ May God enlarge Japheth; and let him dwell in the tents of Shem, and let Canaan be his servant.

²⁸ And Noah lived after the flood 350 years.

²⁹ All the days of Noah were 950 years, and he died.

10 This is the history of the generations (descendants) of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. The sons born to them after the flood were:

² The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

³ The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

⁴ The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

⁵ From these the coastland peoples spread. [These are the sons of Japheth] in their lands, each with his own language, by their families within their nations.

⁶ The sons of Ham: Cush, Egypt [Mizraim], Put, and Canaan.

⁷ The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca; and the sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan.

⁸ Cush became the father of Nimrod; he was the first to be a mighty man on the earth.

⁹ He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; therefore it is said, Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.

¹⁰ The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar [in Babylonia].

¹¹ Out of the land he [Nimrod] went forth into Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,

¹² And Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah; all these [suburbs combined to form] the great city.

¹³ And Egypt [Mizraim] became the father of Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim,

¹⁴ Pathrusim, Casluhim (from whom came the Philistines), and Caphtorim.

¹⁵ Canaan became the father of Sidon his firstborn, Heth [the Hittites],

¹⁶ The Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,

¹⁷ The Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites,

¹⁸ The Arvadites, the Zemarites and the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites spread abroad

¹⁹ And the territory of the Canaanites extended from Sidon as one goes to Gerar as far as Gaza, and as one goes to ^[r]Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.

²⁰ These are the sons of Ham by their families, their languages, their lands, and their nations.

²¹ To Shem also, the younger brother of Japheth and the ancestor of all the children of Eber [including the Hebrews], children were born.

²² The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

²³ The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

²⁴ Arpachshad became the father of Shelah; and Shelah became the father of Eber.

²⁵ To Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg [division], because [the inhabitants of] the earth were divided up in his days; and his brother’s name was Joktan.

²⁶ Joktan became the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,

²⁷ Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,

²⁸ Obal, Abimael, Sheba,

²⁹ Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.

³⁰ The territory in which they lived extended from Mesha as one goes toward Sephar to the hill country of the east.

³¹ These are Shem’s descendants by their families, their languages, their lands, and their nations.

³² These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their generations, within their nations; and from these the nations spread abroad on the earth after the flood.^(X)

11 And the whole earth was of one language and of one accent and mode of expression.

² And as they journeyed eastward, they found a plain (valley) in the land of Shinar, and they settled and dwelt there.

³ And they said one to another, Come, let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly. So they had brick for stone, and slime (bitumen) for mortar.

⁴ And they said, Come, let us build us a city and a tower whose top reaches into the sky, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered over the whole earth.

⁵ And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built.

⁶ And the Lord said, Behold, they are one people and they have ^[s]all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do, and now nothing they have imagined they can do will be impossible for them.

⁷ Come, let Us go down and there confound (mix up, confuse) their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.

⁸ So the Lord scattered them abroad from that place upon the face of the whole earth, and they gave up building the city.

⁹ Therefore the name of it was called Babel—because there the Lord confounded the language of all the earth; and from that place the Lord scattered them abroad upon the face of the whole earth.

¹⁰ This is the history of the generations of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arpachshad, two years after the flood.

¹¹ And Shem lived after Arpachshad was born 500 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹² When Arpachshad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah.

¹³ Arpachshad lived after Shelah was born 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁴ When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber.

¹⁵ Shelah lived after Eber was born 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁶ When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of Peleg.

¹⁷ And Eber lived after Peleg was born 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁸ When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of Reu.

¹⁹ And Peleg lived after Reu was born 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁰ When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug.

²¹ And Reu lived after Serug was born 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

²² When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor.

²³ And Serug lived after Nahor was born 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁴ When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of Terah.

²⁵ And Nahor lived after Terah was born 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁶ After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of [at different times], ^[t]Abram and Nahor and Haran, [his firstborn].

²⁷ Now this is the history of the descendants of Terah. Terah was the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran was the father of Lot.

²⁸ Haran died before his father Terah [died] in the land of his birth, in ^[u]Ur of the Chaldees.

²⁹ And Abram and Nahor took wives. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran the father of Milcah and Iscah.

³⁰ But Sarai was barren; she had no child.

³¹ And Terah took Abram his son, Lot the son of Haran, his grandson, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife, and they went forth together to go from Ur of the Chaldees into the land of Canaan; but when they came to Haran, they settled there.

³² And Terah lived 205 years; and Terah died in Haran.

12 Now [in Haran] the Lord said to Abram, Go for yourself [for your own advantage] away from your country, from your relatives and your father’s house, to the land that I will show you.^(Y)

² And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you [with abundant increase of favors] and make your name famous and distinguished, and you will be a blessing [dispensing good to others].

³ And I will bless those who bless you [who confer prosperity or happiness upon you] and ^[v]curse him who curses or uses insolent language toward you; in you will all the families and kindred of the earth be blessed [and by you they will bless themselves].^(Z)

⁴ So Abram departed, as the Lord had directed him; and Lot [his nephew] went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he left Haran.

⁵ Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother’s son, and all their possessions that they had gathered, and the persons [servants] that they had acquired in Haran, and they went forth to go to the land of Canaan. When they came to the land of Canaan,

⁶ Abram passed through the land to the locality of Shechem, to the oak or terebinth tree of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land.

⁷ Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, I will give this land to your posterity. So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, Who had appeared to him.

⁸ From there he pulled up [his tent pegs] and departed to the mountain on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and there he built an altar to the Lord and called upon the name of the Lord.

⁹ Abram journeyed on, still going toward the South (the Negeb).

¹⁰ Now there was a famine in the land, and Abram ^[w]went down into Egypt to live temporarily, for the famine in the land was oppressive (intense and grievous).

¹¹ And when he was about to enter into Egypt, he said to Sarai his wife, I know that you are beautiful to behold.

¹² So when the Egyptians see you, they will say, This is his wife; and they will kill me, but they will let you live.

¹³ Say, I beg of you, that you are ^[x]my sister, so that it may go well with me for your sake and my life will be spared because of you.

¹⁴ And when Abram came into Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful.

¹⁵ The princes of Pharaoh also saw her and commended her to Pharaoh, and she was taken into Pharaoh’s house [harem].

¹⁶ And he treated Abram well for her sake; he acquired sheep, oxen, he-donkeys, menservants, maidservants, she-donkeys, and ^[y]camels.

¹⁷ But the Lord scourged Pharaoh and his household with serious plagues because of Sarai, Abram’s wife.

¹⁸ And Pharaoh called Abram and said, What is this that you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife?

¹⁹ Why did you say, She is my sister, so that I took her to be my wife? Now then, here is your wife; take her and get away [from here]!

²⁰ And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him, and they brought him on his way with his wife and all that he had.

13 So Abram went up out of Egypt, he and his wife and all that he had, and Lot with him, into the South [country of Judah, the Negeb].

² Now Abram was extremely rich in livestock and in silver and in gold.

³ And he journeyed on from the South [country of Judah, the Negeb] as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai,

⁴ Where he had built an altar at first; and there Abram called on the name of the Lord.^(AA)

⁵ But Lot, who went with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents.

⁶ Now the land was not able to nourish and support them so they could dwell together, for their possessions were too great for them to live together.

⁷ And there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s cattle and the herdsmen of Lot’s cattle. And the Canaanite and the Perizzite were dwelling then in the land [making fodder more difficult to obtain].

⁸ So Abram said to Lot, Let there be no strife, I beg of you, between you and me, or between your herdsmen and my herdsmen, for we are relatives.

⁹ Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself, I beg of you, from me. If you take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if you choose the right hand, then I will go to the left.

¹⁰ And Lot looked and saw that everywhere the Jordan Valley was well watered. Before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, [it was all] like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, as you go to Zoar.

¹¹ Then Lot chose for himself all the Jordan Valley and [he] traveled east. So they separated.

¹² Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelt in the cities of the [Jordan] Valley and moved his tent as far as Sodom and dwelt there.

¹³ But the men of Sodom were wicked and exceedingly great sinners against the Lord.

¹⁴ The Lord said to Abram after Lot had left him, Lift up now your eyes and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward;

¹⁵ For all the land which you see I will give to you and to your posterity forever.^(AB)

¹⁶ And I will make your descendants like the dust of the earth, so that if a man could count the dust of the earth, then could your descendants also be counted.^(AC)

¹⁷ Arise, walk through the land, the length of it and the breadth of it, for I will give it to you.

¹⁸ Then Abram moved his tent and came and dwelt among the oaks or terebinths of Mamre, which are at Hebron, and built there an altar to the Lord.

14 In the days of the kings Amraphel of Shinar, Arioch of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer of Elam, and Tidal of Goiim,

² They made war on the kings Bera of Sodom, Birsha of Gomorrah, Shinab of Admah, Shemeber of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, ^[z]that is, Zoar.

³ The latter kings joined together [as allies] in the Valley of Siddim, which is [now] the [Dead] Sea of Salt.

⁴ Twelve years they had served Chedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

⁵ And in the fourteenth year, Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him attacked and subdued the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,

⁶ And the Horites in their Mount Seir as far as El-paran, which is on the border of the wilderness.

⁷ Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat, which [now] is Kadesh, and subdued all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites who dwelt in Hazazon-tamar.

⁸ Then the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Bela, that is, Zoar, went out and [together] they joined battle [with those kings] in the Valley of Siddim,

⁹ With the kings Chedorlaomer of Elam, Tidal of Goiim, Amraphel of Shinar, and Arioch of Ellasar—four kings against five.

¹⁰ Now the Valley of Siddim was full of slime or bitumen pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, they fell (were overthrown) there and the remainder [of the kings] fled to the mountain.

¹¹ [The victors] took all the wealth of Sodom and Gomorrah and all the supply of provisions and departed.

¹² And they also took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods away with them.

¹³ Then one who had escaped came and told Abram the Hebrew [one from the other side], who was living by the oaks or terebinths of Mamre the Amorite, a brother of Eshcol and of Aner—these were allies of Abram.

¹⁴ When Abram heard that [his nephew] had been captured, he armed (led forth) the 318 trained servants born in his own house and pursued the enemy as far as Dan.

¹⁵ He divided his forces against them by night, he and his servants, and attacked and routed them, and pursued them as far as Hobah, which is north of Damascus.

¹⁶ And he brought back all the goods and also brought back his kinsman Lot and his possessions, the women also and the people.

¹⁷ After his [Abram’s] return from the defeat and slaying of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him at the Valley of Shaveh, that is, the King’s Valley.

¹⁸ Melchizedek king of Salem [later called Jerusalem] brought out bread and wine [for their nourishment]; he was the priest of God Most High,

¹⁹ And he blessed him and said, Blessed (favored with blessings, made blissful, joyful) be Abram by God Most High, Possessor and Maker of heaven and earth,

²⁰ And blessed, praised, and glorified be God Most High, Who has given your foes into your hand! And [Abram] gave him a tenth of all [he had taken].^(AD)

²¹ And the king of Sodom said to Abram, Give me the persons and keep the goods for yourself.

²² But Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lifted up my hand and sworn to the Lord, God Most High, the Possessor and Maker of heaven and earth,

²³ That I would not take a thread or a shoelace or anything that is yours, lest you should say, I have made Abram rich.

²⁴ [Take all] except only what my young men have eaten and the share of the men [allies] who went with me—Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.

15 After these things, the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram, I am your ^[aa]Shield, your abundant compensation, and your reward shall be exceedingly great.

² And Abram said, Lord God, what can You give me, since I am going on [from this world] childless and he who shall be the owner and heir of my house is this [steward] Eliezer of Damascus?

³ And Abram continued, Look, You have given me no child; and [a servant] born in my house is my heir.

⁴ And behold, the word of the Lord came to him, saying, This man shall not be your heir, but he who shall come from your own body shall be your heir.

⁵ And He brought him outside [his tent into the starlight] and said, Look now toward the heavens and count the stars—if you are able to number them. Then He said to him, So shall your descendants be.^(AE)

⁶ And he [Abram] believed in (trusted in, relied on, remained steadfast to) the Lord, and He counted it to him as righteousness (right standing with God).^(AF)

⁷ And He said to him, I am the [same] Lord, Who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldees to give you this land as an inheritance.

⁸ But he [Abram] said, Lord God, by what shall I know that I shall inherit it?

⁹ And He said to him, Bring to Me a heifer three years old, a she-goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young pigeon.

¹⁰ And he brought Him all these and cut them down the middle [into halves] and laid each half opposite the other; but the birds he did not divide.

¹¹ And when the birds of prey swooped down upon the carcasses, Abram drove them away.

¹² When the sun was setting, a deep sleep overcame Abram, and a horror (a terror, a shuddering fear) of great darkness assailed and oppressed him.

¹³ And [God] said to Abram, Know positively that your descendants will be strangers dwelling as temporary residents in a land that is not theirs [Egypt], and they will be slaves there and will be afflicted and oppressed for 400 years. [Fulfilled in Exod. 12:40.]

¹⁴ But I will bring judgment on that nation whom they will serve, and afterward they will come out with great possessions.^(AG)

¹⁵ And you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried at a good old (hoary) age.

¹⁶ And in the ^[ab]fourth generation they [your descendants] shall come back here [to Canaan] again, for the iniquity of the ^[ac]Amorites is not yet full and complete.^(AH)

¹⁷ When the sun had gone down and a [thick] darkness had come on, behold, a smoking oven and a flaming torch passed between those pieces.

¹⁸ On the same day the Lord made a covenant (promise, pledge) with Abram, saying, To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river Euphrates—the land of

¹⁹ The Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,

²⁰ The Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim,

²¹ The Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.

16 Now Sarai, Abram’s wife, had borne him no children. She had an Egyptian maid whose name was Hagar.

² And Sarai said to Abram, See here, the Lord has restrained me from bearing [children]. I am asking you to have intercourse with my maid; it may be that I can obtain children by her. And Abram listened to and heeded what Sarai said.

³ So Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar her Egyptian maid, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his [secondary] wife.

⁴ And he had intercourse with Hagar, and she became pregnant; and when she saw that she was with child, she looked with contempt upon her mistress and despised her.

⁵ Then Sarai said to Abram, May [the responsibility for] my wrong and deprivation of rights be upon you! I gave my maid into your bosom, and when she saw that she was with child, I was contemptible and despised in her eyes. May the Lord be the judge between you and me.

⁶ But Abram said to Sarai, See here, your maid is in your hands and power; do as you please with her. And when Sarai dealt severely with her, humbling and afflicting her, she [Hagar] fled from her.

⁷ But ^[ad]the Angel of the Lord found her by a spring of water in the wilderness on the road to Shur.

⁸ And He said, Hagar, Sarai’s maid, where did you come from, and where are you intending to go? And she said, I am running away from my mistress Sarai.

⁹ The Angel of the Lord said to her, Go back to your mistress and [humbly] submit to her control.

¹⁰ Also the Angel of the Lord said to her, I will multiply your descendants exceedingly, so that they shall not be numbered for multitude.

¹¹ And the Angel of the Lord continued, See now, you are with child and shall bear a son, and shall call his name Ishmael [God hears], because the Lord has heard and paid attention to your affliction.

¹² And he [Ishmael] will be as a ^[ae]wild ass among men; his hand will be against every man and every man’s hand against him, and he will live to the east and on the borders of all his kinsmen.

¹³ So she called the name of the Lord Who spoke to her, You are a God of seeing, for she said, Have I [not] even here [in the wilderness] looked upon Him Who sees me [and lived]? Or have I here also seen [the future purposes or designs of] Him Who sees me?

¹⁴ Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi [A well to the Living One Who sees me]; it is ^[af]between Kadesh and Bered.

¹⁵ And Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram called the name of his son whom Hagar bore ^[ag]Ishmael.

¹⁶ Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael.

17 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to him and said, I am the Almighty God; walk and live habitually before Me and be perfect (blameless, wholehearted, complete).

² And I will make My covenant (solemn pledge) between Me and you and will multiply you exceedingly.

³ Then Abram fell on his face, and God said to him,

⁴ As for Me, behold, My covenant (solemn pledge) is with you, and you shall be the father of many nations.

⁵ Nor shall your name any longer be Abram [high, exalted father]; but your name shall be Abraham [father of a multitude], for I have made you the father of many nations.

⁶ And I will make you exceedingly fruitful and I will make nations of you, and ^[ah]kings will come from you.

⁷ And I will establish My covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting, solemn pledge, to be a God to you and to your posterity after you.^(AI)

⁸ And I will give to you and to your posterity after you the land in which you are a stranger [going from place to place], all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.^(AJ)

⁹ And God said to Abraham, As for you, you shall therefore keep My covenant, you and your descendants after you throughout their generations.

¹⁰ This is My covenant, which you shall keep, between Me and you and your posterity after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised.

¹¹ And you shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it shall be a token or sign of the covenant (the promise or pledge) between Me and you.

¹² He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised, every male throughout your generations, whether born in [your] house or bought with [your] money from any foreigner not of your offspring.

¹³ He that is born in your house and he that is bought with your money must be circumcised; and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.

¹⁴ And the male who is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.

¹⁵ And God said to Abraham, As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai; but Sarah [Princess] her name shall be.

¹⁶ And I will bless her and give you a son also by her. Yes, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall come from her.

¹⁷ Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed and said in his heart, Shall a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? And shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son?

¹⁸ And [he] said to God, Oh, that Ishmael might live before You!

¹⁹ But God said, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed, and you shall call his name Isaac [laughter]; and I will establish My covenant or solemn pledge with him for an everlasting covenant and with his posterity after him.

²⁰ And as for Ishmael, I have heard and heeded you: behold, I will bless him and will make him fruitful and will multiply him exceedingly; He will be the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. [Fulfilled in Gen. 25:12-18.]

²¹ But My covenant, My promise and pledge, I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this season next year.

²² And God stopped talking with him and went up from Abraham.

²³ And Abraham took Ishmael his son and all who were born in his house and all who were bought with his money, every male among [those] of Abraham’s house, and circumcised [them] the very same day, as God had said to him.

²⁴ And Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised.

²⁵ And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised.

²⁶ On the very same day Abraham was circumcised, and Ishmael his son as well.

²⁷ And all the men of his house, both those born in the house and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised along with him.

18 Now the Lord appeared to Abraham by the oaks or terebinths of Mamre; as he sat at the door of his tent in the heat of the day,

² He lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, three men stood at a little distance from him. He ran from the tent door to meet them and bowed himself to the ground

³ And said, My lord, if now I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by your servant, I beg of you.

⁴ Let a little water be brought, and you may wash your feet and recline and rest yourselves under the tree.

⁵ And I will bring a morsel (mouthful) of bread to refresh and sustain your hearts before you go on further—for that is why you have come to your servant. And they replied, Do as you have said.

⁶ So Abraham hastened into the tent to Sarah and said, Quickly get ready three measures of fine meal, knead it, and bake cakes.

⁷ And Abraham ran to the herd and brought a calf tender and good and gave it to the young man [to butcher]; then he [Abraham] hastened to prepare it.

⁸ And he took curds and milk and the calf which he had made ready, and set it before [the men]; and he stood by them under the tree while they ate.

⁹ And they said to him, Where is Sarah your wife? And he said, [She is here] in the tent.

^10 [ai][The Lord] said, I will surely return to you when the season comes round, and behold, Sarah your wife will have a son. And Sarah was listening and heard it at the tent door which was behind Him.^(AK)

¹¹ Now Abraham and Sarah were old, well advanced in years; it had ceased to be with Sarah as with [young] women. [She was past the age of childbearing].

¹² Therefore Sarah laughed to herself, saying, After I have become aged shall I have pleasure and delight, my lord (husband), being old also?^(AL)

¹³ And the Lord asked Abraham, Why did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I really bear a child when I am so old?

¹⁴ Is anything too hard or too wonderful ^[aj]for the Lord? At the appointed time, when the season [for her delivery] comes around, I will return to you and Sarah shall have borne a son.^(AM)

¹⁵ Then Sarah denied it, saying, I did not laugh; for she was afraid. And He said, No, but you did laugh.

¹⁶ The men rose up from there and faced toward Sodom, and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

¹⁷ And the Lord said, Shall I hide from Abraham [My friend and servant] what I am going to do,^(AN)

¹⁸ Since Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed through him and shall bless themselves by him?^(AO)

¹⁹ For I have known (chosen, acknowledged) him [as My own], so that he may teach and command his children and the sons of his house after him to keep the way of the Lord and to do what is just and righteous, so that the Lord may bring Abraham what He has promised him.

²⁰ And the Lord said, Because the shriek [of the sins] of Sodom and Gomorrah is great and their sin is exceedingly grievous,

²¹ I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether [as vilely and wickedly] as is the cry of it which has come to Me; and if not, I will know.

²² Now the [two] men turned from there and went toward Sodom, but Abraham still stood before the Lord.

²³ And Abraham came close and said, Will You destroy the righteous (those upright and in right standing with God) together with the wicked?

²⁴ Suppose there are in the city fifty righteous; will You destroy the place and not spare it for [the sake of] the fifty righteous in it?

²⁵ Far be it from You to do such a thing—to slay the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous fare as do the wicked! Far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth execute judgment and do righteously?

²⁶ And the Lord said, If I find in the city of Sodom fifty righteous (upright and in right standing with God), I will spare the whole place for their sake.

²⁷ Abraham answered, Behold now, I who am but dust and ashes have taken upon myself to speak to the Lord.

²⁸ If five of the fifty righteous should be lacking—will You destroy the whole city for lack of five? He said, If I find forty-five, I will not destroy it.

²⁹ And [Abraham] spoke to Him yet again, and said, Suppose [only] forty shall be found there. And He said, I will not do it for forty’s sake.

³⁰ Then [Abraham] said to Him, Oh, let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak [again]. Suppose [only] thirty shall be found there. And He answered, I will not do it if I find thirty there.

³¹ And [Abraham] said, Behold now, I have taken upon myself to speak [again] to the Lord. Suppose [only] twenty shall be found there. And [the Lord] replied, I will not destroy it for twenty’s sake.

³² And he said, Oh, let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak again only this once. Suppose ten [righteous people] shall be found there. And [the Lord] said, I will not destroy it for ten’s sake.

³³ And the Lord went His way when He had finished speaking with Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place.

19 It was evening when the two angels came to Sodom. Lot was sitting at Sodom’s [city] gate. Seeing them, Lot rose up to meet them and bowed to the ground.

² And he said, My lords, turn aside, I beg of you, into your servant’s house and spend the night and bathe your feet. Then you can arise early and go on your way. But they said, No, we will spend the night in the square.

³ [Lot] entreated and urged them greatly until they yielded and [with him] entered his house. And he made them a dinner [with drinking] and had unleavened bread which he baked, and they ate.

⁴ But before they lay down, the men of the city of Sodom, both young and old, all the men from every quarter, surrounded the house.

⁵ And they called to Lot and said, Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know (be intimate with) them.

⁶ And Lot went out of the door to the men and shut the door after him

⁷ And said, I beg of you, my brothers, do not behave so wickedly.

⁸ Look now, I have two daughters who are virgins; let me, I beg of you, bring them out to you, and you can do as you please with them. But only do nothing to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.

⁹ But they said, Stand back! And they said, This fellow came in to live here temporarily, and now he presumes to be [our] judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them. So they rushed at and pressed violently against Lot and came close to breaking down the door.

¹⁰ But the men [the angels] reached out and pulled Lot into the house to them and shut the door after him.

¹¹ And they struck the men who were at the door of the house with blindness [which dazzled them], from the youths to the old men, so that they wearied themselves [groping] to find the door.

¹² And the [two] men asked Lot, Have you any others here—sons-in-law or your sons or your daughters? Whomever you have in the city, bring them out of this place,

¹³ For we will spoil and destroy [Sodom]; for the outcry and shriek against its people has grown great before the Lord, and He has sent us to destroy it.

¹⁴ And Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were to marry his daughters, and said, Up, get out of this place, for the Lord will spoil and destroy this city! But he seemed to his sons-in-law to be [only] joking.

¹⁵ When morning came, the angels urged Lot to hurry, saying, Arise, take your wife and two daughters who are here [and be off], lest you [too] be consumed and swept away in the iniquity and punishment of the city.

¹⁶ But while he lingered, the men seized him and his wife and his two daughters by the hand, for the Lord was merciful to him; and they brought him forth and set him outside the city and left him there.

¹⁷ And when they had brought them forth, they said, Escape for your life! Do not look behind you or stop anywhere in ^[ak]the whole valley; escape to the mountains [of Moab], lest you be consumed.

¹⁸ And Lot said to them, Oh, not that, my lords!

¹⁹ Behold now, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have magnified your kindness and mercy to me in saving my life; but I cannot escape to the mountains, lest the evil overtake me, and I die.

²⁰ See now yonder city; it is near enough to flee to, and it is a little one. Oh, let me escape to it! Is it not a little one? And my life will be saved!

²¹ And [the angel] said to him, See, I have yielded to your entreaty concerning this thing also; I will not destroy this city of which you have spoken.

²² Make haste and take refuge there, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar [little].

²³ The sun had risen over the earth when Lot entered Zoar.

²⁴ Then the Lord rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of the heavens.

²⁵ He overthrew, destroyed, and ended those cities, and all the valley and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground.

²⁶ But [Lot’s] wife looked back from behind him, and she ^[al]became a pillar of salt.

²⁷ Abraham went up early the next morning to the place where he [only the day before] had stood before the Lord.

²⁸ And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the valley, and saw, and behold, the smoke of ^[am]the country went up like the smoke of a furnace.

²⁹ When God ravaged and destroyed the cities of the plain [of Siddim], He [earnestly] remembered Abraham [imprinted and fixed him indelibly on His mind], and He sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow when He overthrew the cities where Lot lived.

³⁰ And Lot went up out of Zoar and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him, for he feared to dwell in Zoar; and he lived in a cave, he and his two daughters.

³¹ The elder said to the younger, Our father is aging, and there is not a man on earth to live with us in the customary way.

³² Come, let us make our father drunk with wine, and we will lie with him, so that we may preserve offspring (our race) through our father.

³³ And they made their father drunk with wine that night, and the older went in and lay with her father; and he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she arose.

³⁴ Then the next day the firstborn said to the younger, See here, I lay last night with my father; let us make him drunk with wine tonight also, and then you go in and lie with him, so that we may preserve offspring (our race) through our father.

³⁵ And they made their father drunk with wine again that night, and the younger arose and lay with him; and he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she arose.

³⁶ Thus both the daughters of Lot were with child by their father.

³⁷ The older bore a son, and named him Moab [of a father]; he is the father of the Moabites to this day.

³⁸ The younger also bore a son and named him Ben-ammi [son of my people]; he is the father of the Ammonites to this day.

20 Now Abraham journeyed from there toward the ^[an]South country (the Negeb) and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur; and he lived temporarily in Gerar.

² And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister. And Abimelech king of Gerar sent and took Sarah [into his harem].

³ But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night and said, Behold, you are a dead man because of the woman whom you have taken [as your own], for she is a man’s wife.

⁴ But Abimelech had not come near her, so he said, Lord, will you slay a people who are just and innocent?