1 Paul, an apostle^(A) of Christ Jesus by the will of God,^(B) and Timothy^(C) our brother,

To the church of God^(D) in Corinth,^(E) together with all his holy people throughout Achaia:^(F)

² Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.^(G)

Praise to the God of All Comfort

³ Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,^(H) the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, ⁴ who comforts us^(I) in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God. ⁵ For just as we share abundantly in the sufferings of Christ,^(J) so also our comfort abounds through Christ. ⁶ If we are distressed, it is for your comfort and salvation;^(K) if we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which produces in you patient endurance of the same sufferings we suffer. ⁷ And our hope for you is firm, because we know that just as you share in our sufferings,^(L) so also you share in our comfort.

⁸ We do not want you to be uninformed,^(M) brothers and sisters,^[a] about the troubles we experienced^(N) in the province of Asia.^(O) We were under great pressure, far beyond our ability to endure, so that we despaired of life itself. ⁹ Indeed, we felt we had received the sentence of death. But this happened that we might not rely on ourselves but on God,^(P) who raises the dead.^{(Q) 10} He has delivered us from such a deadly peril,^(R) and he will deliver us again. On him we have set our hope^(S) that he will continue to deliver us, ¹¹ as you help us by your prayers.^(T) Then many will give thanks^(U) on our behalf for the gracious favor granted us in answer to the prayers of many.

Paul’s Change of Plans

¹² Now this is our boast: Our conscience^(V) testifies that we have conducted ourselves in the world, and especially in our relations with you, with integrity^[b](W) and godly sincerity.^(X) We have done so, relying not on worldly wisdom^(Y) but on God’s grace. ¹³ For we do not write you anything you cannot read or understand. And I hope that, ¹⁴ as you have understood us in part, you will come to understand fully that you can boast of us just as we will boast of you in the day of the Lord Jesus.^(Z)

¹⁵ Because I was confident of this, I wanted to visit you^(AA) first so that you might benefit twice.^{(AB) 16} I wanted to visit you on my way^(AC) to Macedonia^(AD) and to come back to you from Macedonia, and then to have you send me on my way^(AE) to Judea.^{(AF) 17} Was I fickle when I intended to do this? Or do I make my plans in a worldly manner^(AG) so that in the same breath I say both “Yes, yes” and “No, no”?

¹⁸ But as surely as God is faithful,^(AH) our message to you is not “Yes” and “No.” ¹⁹ For the Son of God,^(AI) Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us—by me and Silas^[c](AJ) and Timothy^(AK)—was not “Yes” and “No,” but in him it has always^(AL) been “Yes.” ²⁰ For no matter how many promises^(AM) God has made, they are “Yes” in Christ. And so through him the “Amen”^(AN) is spoken by us to the glory of God.^{(AO) 21} Now it is God who makes both us and you stand firm^(AP) in Christ. He anointed^(AQ) us, ²² set his seal^(AR) of ownership on us, and put his Spirit in our hearts as a deposit, guaranteeing what is to come.^(AS)

²³ I call God as my witness^(AT)—and I stake my life on it—that it was in order to spare you^(AU) that I did not return to Corinth. ²⁴ Not that we lord it over^(AV) your faith, but we work with you for your joy, because it is by faith you stand firm.^(AW) 2 ¹ So I made up my mind that I would not make another painful visit to you.^{(AX) 2} For if I grieve you,^(AY) who is left to make me glad but you whom I have grieved? ³ I wrote as I did,^(AZ) so that when I came I would not be distressed^(BA) by those who should have made me rejoice. I had confidence^(BB) in all of you, that you would all share my joy. ⁴ For I wrote you^(BC) out of great distress and anguish of heart and with many tears, not to grieve you but to let you know the depth of my love for you.

Forgiveness for the Offender

⁵ If anyone has caused grief,^(BD) he has not so much grieved me as he has grieved all of you to some extent—not to put it too severely. ⁶ The punishment^(BE) inflicted on him by the majority is sufficient. ⁷ Now instead, you ought to forgive and comfort him,^(BF) so that he will not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. ⁸ I urge you, therefore, to reaffirm your love for him. ⁹ Another reason I wrote you^(BG) was to see if you would stand the test and be obedient in everything.^{(BH) 10} Anyone you forgive, I also forgive. And what I have forgiven—if there was anything to forgive—I have forgiven in the sight of Christ for your sake, ¹¹ in order that Satan^(BI) might not outwit us. For we are not unaware of his schemes.^(BJ)

Ministers of the New Covenant

¹² Now when I went to Troas^(BK) to preach the gospel of Christ^(BL) and found that the Lord had opened a door^(BM) for me, ¹³ I still had no peace of mind,^(BN) because I did not find my brother Titus^(BO) there. So I said goodbye to them and went on to Macedonia.^(BP)

¹⁴ But thanks be to God,^(BQ) who always leads us as captives in Christ’s triumphal procession and uses us to spread the aroma^(BR) of the knowledge^(BS) of him everywhere. ¹⁵ For we are to God the pleasing aroma^(BT) of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing.^{(BU) 16} To the one we are an aroma that brings death;^(BV) to the other, an aroma that brings life. And who is equal to such a task?^{(BW) 17} Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit.^(BX) On the contrary, in Christ we speak before God with sincerity,^(BY) as those sent from God.^(BZ)

3 Are we beginning to commend ourselves^(CA) again? Or do we need, like some people, letters of recommendation^(CB) to you or from you? ² You yourselves are our letter, written on our hearts, known and read by everyone.^{(CC) 3} You show that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God,^(CD) not on tablets of stone^(CE) but on tablets of human hearts.^(CF)

⁴ Such confidence^(CG) we have through Christ before God. ⁵ Not that we are competent in ourselves^(CH) to claim anything for ourselves, but our competence comes from God.^{(CI) 6} He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant^(CJ)—not of the letter^(CK) but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.^(CL)

The Greater Glory of the New Covenant

⁷ Now if the ministry that brought death,^(CM) which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory,^(CN) transitory though it was, ⁸ will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? ⁹ If the ministry that brought condemnation^(CO) was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness!^{(CP) 10} For what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory. ¹¹ And if what was transitory came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!

¹² Therefore, since we have such a hope,^(CQ) we are very bold.^{(CR) 13} We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face^(CS) to prevent the Israelites from seeing the end of what was passing away. ¹⁴ But their minds were made dull,^(CT) for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant^(CU) is read.^(CV) It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away. ¹⁵ Even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts. ¹⁶ But whenever anyone turns to the Lord,^(CW) the veil is taken away.^{(CX) 17} Now the Lord is the Spirit,^(CY) and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.^{(CZ) 18} And we all, who with unveiled faces contemplate^[d](DA) the Lord’s glory,^(DB) are being transformed into his image^(DC) with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

Present Weakness and Resurrection Life

4 Therefore, since through God’s mercy^(DD) we have this ministry, we do not lose heart.^{(DE) 2} Rather, we have renounced secret and shameful ways;^(DF) we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God.^(DG) On the contrary, by setting forth the truth plainly we commend ourselves to everyone’s conscience^(DH) in the sight of God. ³ And even if our gospel^(DI) is veiled,^(DJ) it is veiled to those who are perishing.^{(DK) 4} The god^(DL) of this age^(DM) has blinded^(DN) the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel that displays the glory of Christ,^(DO) who is the image of God.^{(DP) 5} For what we preach is not ourselves,^(DQ) but Jesus Christ as Lord,^(DR) and ourselves as your servants^(DS) for Jesus’ sake. ⁶ For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,”^[e](DT) made his light shine in our hearts^(DU) to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ.^(DV)

⁷ But we have this treasure in jars of clay^(DW) to show that this all-surpassing power is from God^(DX) and not from us. ⁸ We are hard pressed on every side,^(DY) but not crushed; perplexed,^(DZ) but not in despair; ⁹ persecuted,^(EA) but not abandoned;^(EB) struck down, but not destroyed.^{(EC) 10} We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus,^(ED) so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body.^{(EE) 11} For we who are alive are always being given over to death for Jesus’ sake,^(EF) so that his life may also be revealed in our mortal body. ¹² So then, death is at work in us, but life is at work in you.^(EG)

¹³ It is written: “I believed; therefore I have spoken.”^[f](EH) Since we have that same spirit of^[g] faith,^(EI) we also believe and therefore speak, ¹⁴ because we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus from the dead^(EJ) will also raise us with Jesus^(EK) and present us with you to himself.^{(EL) 15} All this is for your benefit, so that the grace that is reaching more and more people may cause thanksgiving^(EM) to overflow to the glory of God.

¹⁶ Therefore we do not lose heart.^(EN) Though outwardly we are wasting away, yet inwardly^(EO) we are being renewed^(EP) day by day. ¹⁷ For our light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all.^{(EQ) 18} So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen,^(ER) since what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal.