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I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram[a] and struck it[b] and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it.[c] The goat hurled the ram[d] to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power.[e]

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Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:7 tn Heb “him.”
  2. Daniel 8:7 tn Heb “the ram.”
  3. Daniel 8:7 tn Heb “stand before him.”
  4. Daniel 8:7 tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
  5. Daniel 8:7 sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance that he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 b.c.), Isus (333 b.c.), and Gaugemela (331 b.c.).