44 Behold, every one that useth proverbs shall use this proverb against thee, saying, As is the mother, so is her daughter.

45 Thou art thy mother's daughter, that lotheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, which lothed their husbands and their children: your mother was an Hittite, and your father an Amorite.

46 And thine elder sister is Samaria, she and her daughters that dwell at thy left hand: and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.

47 Yet hast thou not walked after their ways, nor done after their abominations: but, as if that were a very little thing, thou wast corrupted more than they in all thy ways.

48 As I live, saith the Lord God, Sodom thy sister hath not done, she nor her daughters, as thou hast done, thou and thy daughters.

49 Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.

50 And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good.

51 Neither hath Samaria committed half of thy sins; but thou hast multiplied thine abominations more than they, and hast justified thy sisters in all thine abominations which thou hast done.

52 Thou also, which hast judged thy sisters, bear thine own shame for thy sins that thou hast committed more abominable than they: they are more righteous than thou: yea, be thou confounded also, and bear thy shame, in that thou hast justified thy sisters.

53 When I shall bring again their captivity, the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters, then will I bring again the captivity of thy captives in the midst of them:

54 That thou mayest bear thine own shame, and mayest be confounded in all that thou hast done, in that thou art a comfort unto them.

55 When thy sisters, Sodom and her daughters, shall return to their former estate, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former estate, then thou and thy daughters shall return to your former estate.

56 For thy sister Sodom was not mentioned by thy mouth in the day of thy pride,

57 Before thy wickedness was discovered, as at the time of thy reproach of the daughters of Syria, and all that are round about her, the daughters of the Philistines, which despise thee round about.

58 Thou hast borne thy lewdness and thine abominations, saith the Lord.

59 For thus saith the Lord God; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant.

60 Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth, and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant.

61 Then thou shalt remember thy ways, and be ashamed, when thou shalt receive thy sisters, thine elder and thy younger: and I will give them unto thee for daughters, but not by thy covenant.

62 And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord:

63 That thou mayest remember, and be confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord God.

17 And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;

And say, Thus saith the Lord God; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:

He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants.

He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree.

And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.

There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.

It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.

Say thou, Thus saith the Lord God; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof.

10 Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew.

11 Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

12 Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;

13 And hath taken of the king's seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land:

14 That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand.

15 But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covenant, and be delivered?

16 As I live, saith the Lord God, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

17 Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons:

18 Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

19 Therefore thus saith the Lord God; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head.

20 And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.

21 And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the Lord have spoken it.

22 Thus saith the Lord God; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent:

23 In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell.

24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I the Lord have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the Lord have spoken and have done it.

18 The word of the Lord came unto me again, saying,

What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?

As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.

Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.

But if a man be just, and do that which is lawful and right,

And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman,

And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

He that hath not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man,

Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the Lord God.

10 If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things,

11 And that doeth not any of those duties, but even hath eaten upon the mountains, and defiled his neighbour's wife,

12 Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

13 Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

14 Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,

15 That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife,

16 Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,

17 That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.

18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, lo, even he shall die in his iniquity.

19 Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live.

20 The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.

21 But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

22 All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live.

23 Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord God: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?

24 But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die.

25 Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal?

26 When a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall he die.

27 Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.

28 Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

29 Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the Lord is not equal. O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal?

30 Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord God. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.

31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?

32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.

44 “‘Everyone who quotes proverbs(A) will quote this proverb about you: “Like mother, like daughter.” 45 You are a true daughter of your mother, who despised(B) her husband(C) and her children; and you are a true sister of your sisters, who despised their husbands and their children. Your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite.(D) 46 Your older sister(E) was Samaria, who lived to the north of you with her daughters; and your younger sister, who lived to the south of you with her daughters, was Sodom.(F) 47 You not only followed their ways and copied their detestable practices, but in all your ways you soon became more depraved than they.(G) 48 As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign(H) Lord, your sister Sodom(I) and her daughters never did what you and your daughters have done.(J)

49 “‘Now this was the sin of your sister Sodom:(K) She and her daughters were arrogant,(L) overfed and unconcerned;(M) they did not help the poor and needy.(N) 50 They were haughty(O) and did detestable things before me. Therefore I did away with them as you have seen.(P) 51 Samaria did not commit half the sins you did. You have done more detestable things than they, and have made your sisters seem righteous by all these things you have done.(Q) 52 Bear your disgrace, for you have furnished some justification for your sisters. Because your sins were more vile than theirs, they appear more righteous(R) than you. So then, be ashamed and bear(S) your disgrace, for you have made your sisters appear righteous.

53 “‘However, I will restore(T) the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters and of Samaria and her daughters, and your fortunes along with them,(U) 54 so that you may bear your disgrace(V) and be ashamed of all you have done in giving them comfort. 55 And your sisters, Sodom with her daughters and Samaria with her daughters, will return to what they were before; and you and your daughters will return to what you were before.(W) 56 You would not even mention your sister Sodom in the day of your pride, 57 before your wickedness was uncovered. Even so, you are now scorned(X) by the daughters of Edom[a](Y) and all her neighbors and the daughters of the Philistines—all those around you who despise you. 58 You will bear the consequences of your lewdness and your detestable practices, declares the Lord.(Z)

59 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will deal with you as you deserve, because you have despised my oath by breaking the covenant.(AA) 60 Yet I will remember the covenant(AB) I made with you in the days of your youth,(AC) and I will establish an everlasting covenant(AD) with you. 61 Then you will remember your ways and be ashamed(AE) when you receive your sisters, both those who are older than you and those who are younger. I will give them to you as daughters,(AF) but not on the basis of my covenant with you. 62 So I will establish my covenant(AG) with you, and you will know that I am the Lord.(AH) 63 Then, when I make atonement(AI) for you for all you have done, you will remember and be ashamed(AJ) and never again open your mouth(AK) because of your humiliation, declares the Sovereign Lord.(AL)’”

Two Eagles and a Vine

17 The word of the Lord came to me: “Son of man, set forth an allegory and tell it to the Israelites as a parable.(AM) Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: A great eagle(AN) with powerful wings, long feathers and full plumage of varied colors came to Lebanon.(AO) Taking hold of the top of a cedar, he broke off(AP) its topmost shoot and carried it away to a land of merchants, where he planted it in a city of traders.

“‘He took one of the seedlings of the land and put it in fertile soil. He planted it like a willow by abundant water,(AQ) and it sprouted and became a low, spreading vine. Its branches(AR) turned toward him, but its roots remained under it. So it became a vine and produced branches and put out leafy boughs.(AS)

“‘But there was another great eagle with powerful wings and full plumage. The vine now sent out its roots toward him from the plot where it was planted and stretched out its branches to him for water.(AT) It had been planted in good soil by abundant water so that it would produce branches,(AU) bear fruit and become a splendid vine.’

“Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Will it thrive? Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers? All its new growth will wither. It will not take a strong arm or many people to pull it up by the roots.(AV) 10 It has been planted,(AW) but will it thrive? Will it not wither completely when the east wind strikes it—wither away in the plot where it grew?(AX)’”

11 Then the word of the Lord came to me: 12 “Say to this rebellious people, ‘Do you not know what these things mean?(AY)’ Say to them: ‘The king of Babylon went to Jerusalem and carried off her king and her nobles,(AZ) bringing them back with him to Babylon.(BA) 13 Then he took a member of the royal family and made a treaty(BB) with him, putting him under oath.(BC) He also carried away the leading men(BD) of the land, 14 so that the kingdom would be brought low,(BE) unable to rise again, surviving only by keeping his treaty. 15 But the king rebelled(BF) against him by sending his envoys to Egypt(BG) to get horses and a large army.(BH) Will he succeed? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the treaty and yet escape?(BI)

16 “‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, he shall die(BJ) in Babylon, in the land of the king who put him on the throne, whose oath he despised and whose treaty he broke.(BK) 17 Pharaoh(BL) with his mighty army and great horde will be of no help to him in war, when ramps(BM) are built and siege works erected to destroy many lives.(BN) 18 He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Because he had given his hand in pledge(BO) and yet did all these things, he shall not escape.

19 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will repay him for despising my oath and breaking my covenant.(BP) 20 I will spread my net(BQ) for him, and he will be caught in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon and execute judgment(BR) on him there because he was unfaithful(BS) to me. 21 All his choice troops will fall by the sword,(BT) and the survivors(BU) will be scattered to the winds.(BV) Then you will know that I the Lord have spoken.(BW)

22 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I myself will take a shoot(BX) from the very top of a cedar and plant it; I will break off a tender sprig from its topmost shoots and plant it on a high and lofty mountain.(BY) 23 On the mountain heights(BZ) of Israel I will plant it; it will produce branches and bear fruit(CA) and become a splendid cedar. Birds of every kind will nest in it; they will find shelter in the shade of its branches.(CB) 24 All the trees of the forest(CC) will know that I the Lord bring down(CD) the tall tree and make the low tree grow tall. I dry up the green tree and make the dry tree flourish.(CE)

“‘I the Lord have spoken, and I will do it.(CF)’”

The One Who Sins Will Die

18 The word of the Lord came to me: “What do you people mean by quoting this proverb about the land of Israel:

“‘The parents eat sour grapes,
    and the children’s teeth are set on edge’?(CG)

“As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, you will no longer quote this proverb(CH) in Israel. For everyone belongs to me, the parent as well as the child—both alike belong to me. The one who sins(CI) is the one who will die.(CJ)

“Suppose there is a righteous man
    who does what is just and right.
He does not eat at the mountain(CK) shrines
    or look to the idols(CL) of Israel.
He does not defile his neighbor’s wife
    or have sexual relations with a woman during her period.(CM)
He does not oppress(CN) anyone,
    but returns what he took in pledge(CO) for a loan.
He does not commit robbery(CP)
    but gives his food to the hungry(CQ)
    and provides clothing for the naked.(CR)
He does not lend to them at interest
    or take a profit from them.(CS)
He withholds his hand from doing wrong
    and judges fairly(CT) between two parties.
He follows my decrees(CU)
    and faithfully keeps my laws.
That man is righteous;(CV)
    he will surely live,(CW)
declares the Sovereign Lord.

10 “Suppose he has a violent son, who sheds blood(CX) or does any of these other things[b] 11 (though the father has done none of them):

“He eats at the mountain shrines.(CY)
He defiles his neighbor’s wife.
12 He oppresses the poor(CZ) and needy.
He commits robbery.
He does not return what he took in pledge.(DA)
He looks to the idols.
He does detestable things.(DB)
13 He lends at interest and takes a profit.(DC)

Will such a man live? He will not! Because he has done all these detestable things, he is to be put to death; his blood will be on his own head.(DD)

14 “But suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father commits, and though he sees them, he does not do such things:(DE)

15 “He does not eat at the mountain shrines(DF)
    or look to the idols(DG) of Israel.
He does not defile his neighbor’s wife.
16 He does not oppress anyone
    or require a pledge for a loan.
He does not commit robbery
    but gives his food to the hungry(DH)
    and provides clothing for the naked.(DI)
17 He withholds his hand from mistreating the poor
    and takes no interest or profit from them.
He keeps my laws(DJ) and follows my decrees.

He will not die for his father’s sin; he will surely live. 18 But his father will die for his own sin, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother and did what was wrong among his people.

19 “Yet you ask, ‘Why does the son not share the guilt of his father?’ Since the son has done what is just and right and has been careful to keep all my decrees, he will surely live.(DK) 20 The one who sins is the one who will die.(DL) The child will not share the guilt of the parent, nor will the parent share the guilt of the child. The righteousness of the righteous will be credited to them, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against them.(DM)

21 “But if(DN) a wicked person turns away from all the sins they have committed and keeps all my decrees(DO) and does what is just and right, that person will surely live; they will not die.(DP) 22 None of the offenses they have committed will be remembered against them. Because of the righteous things they have done, they will live.(DQ) 23 Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked? declares the Sovereign Lord. Rather, am I not pleased(DR) when they turn from their ways and live?(DS)

24 “But if a righteous person turns(DT) from their righteousness and commits sin and does the same detestable things the wicked person does, will they live? None of the righteous things that person has done will be remembered. Because of the unfaithfulness(DU) they are guilty of and because of the sins they have committed, they will die.(DV)

25 “Yet you say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’(DW) Hear, you Israelites: Is my way unjust?(DX) Is it not your ways that are unjust? 26 If a righteous person turns from their righteousness and commits sin, they will die for it; because of the sin they have committed they will die. 27 But if a wicked person turns away from the wickedness they have committed and does what is just and right, they will save their life.(DY) 28 Because they consider all the offenses they have committed and turn away from them, that person will surely live; they will not die.(DZ) 29 Yet the Israelites say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ Are my ways unjust, people of Israel? Is it not your ways that are unjust?

30 “Therefore, you Israelites, I will judge each of you according to your own ways, declares the Sovereign Lord. Repent!(EA) Turn away from all your offenses; then sin will not be your downfall.(EB) 31 Rid(EC) yourselves of all the offenses you have committed, and get a new heart(ED) and a new spirit. Why(EE) will you die, people of Israel?(EF) 32 For I take no pleasure in the death of anyone, declares the Sovereign Lord. Repent(EG) and live!(EH)

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 16:57 Many Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Vulgate Aram
  2. Ezekiel 18:10 Or things to a brother