1 Paul the apostle, not of men, nor by man [neither by man], but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, that raised him from death [that raised him from dead men],

² and all the brethren that be with me, to the churches of Galatia,

³ grace to you and peace of God the Father, and of the Lord Jesus Christ [and of our Lord Jesus Christ],

⁴ that gave himself for our sins, to deliver us from the present wicked world, by the will of God and our Father, [the which gave himself for our sins, that he should deliver us from this present wayward world, after the will of God and our Father,]

⁵ to whom is honour and glory into worlds of worlds. Amen.

⁶ I wonder, that so soon ye be thus moved from him that called you into the grace of Christ, into another evangel [into another gospel];

⁷ which is not another, but that there be some that trouble you, and will mis-turn the evangel of Christ.

⁸ But though we, or an angel of heaven, preached to you, besides that that we have preached to you, be he accursed. [But though we, or an angel of heaven, evangelize to you, besides that that we have evangelized to you, cursed be he.]

⁹ As I have said before, and now again I say, if any man preach to you besides that that ye have received, be he accursed [if any shall evangelize except that that ye have taken, cursed be he].

¹⁰ For now whether counsel I men, or God? or whether I seek to please men? If I pleased yet men, I were not Christ's servant.^[a]

¹¹ For, brethren, I make known to you the evangel, that was preached of me, for it is not by man; [Soothly brethren, I make the gospel known to you, which is evangelized, or preached, of me, for it is not after man;]

¹² nor I took it of man, nor learned [neither I took it of man, neither learned], but by [the] revelation of Jesus Christ.

¹³ For ye have heard my conversation sometime in the Jewry, that I pursued surpassingly the church of God [for over manner, or measure, I pursued the church of God], and fought against it.

¹⁴ And I profited in the Jewry above many of mine even-elders in my kindred, and was more abundantly a follower of my fathers' traditions [being more abundantly a lover, or follower, of my fathers' traditions].

¹⁵ But when it pleased him, that separated me [that parted me] from my mother's womb, and called by his grace,

¹⁶ to show his Son in me, that I should preach him among the heathen, at once I drew me not to flesh and blood [anon I accorded not to flesh and blood];

¹⁷ nor I came to Jerusalem [neither I came to Jerusalem] to the apostles, that were before me, but I went into Arabia, and again I turned again into Damascus.

¹⁸ And since three years after I came to Jerusalem, to see Peter, and I dwelled with him fifteen days; [Afterward after three years I came to Jerusalem, to see Peter, and dwelled with him fifteen days;]

¹⁹ but I saw none other of the apostles, but James, our Lord's brother [no but James, the brother of the Lord].

²⁰ And these things which I write to you, lo! before God I lie not.

²¹ Afterward I came into the coasts [the parts] of Syria and Cilicia.

²² But I was unknown by face to the churches of Judaea, that were in Christ;

²³ and they had only an hearing, that he that pursued us sometime, preacheth now the faith [now evangelizeth the faith], against which he fought sometime;

²⁴ and in me they glorified God.

2 And since fourteen years after [Afterward after fourteen years], again I went up to Jerusalem with Barnabas, and took with me Titus.

² [Forsooth] I went up by revelation, and spake with them the evangel [and said together with them the gospel], which I preach among the heathen; and by themselves to these that seemed to be somewhat, lest I run, or had run in vain [forsooth asides hand, or by themselves, to them that were seen to be somewhat, lest peradventure I should run in vain, or had run in vain.]

³ And neither Titus, that had been with me, while he was heathen, was compelled to be circumcised; [But neither Titus, that was with me, when he was heathen, was compelled to be circumcised;]

⁴ but for false brethren that were brought in, which had entered to espy our freedom, which we have in Jesus Christ, to bring us into servage.^[b]

⁵ But we gave no place to subjection^[c], that the truth of the gospel should dwell with you.

⁶ But of these that seemed to be somewhat; which they were sometime, it pertaineth not to me [what manner they were sometime, it pertaineth nothing to me], for God taketh not the person of man; for they that seemed to be somewhat, gave me nothing [nothing to me gave].

⁷ But on the contrary, when they had seen, that the evangel of [the] prepuce was given to me, as the evangel of circumcision was given to Peter [that the gospel of prepuce, or of heathen men, was taken to me, as and of circumcision to Peter];

⁸ for he that wrought to Peter in apostlehood of circumcision, wrought also to me among the heathen;

⁹ and when they had known the grace of God, that was given to me, James, and Peter, and John, which were seen to be the pillars, they gave the right hand of fellowship to me and to Barnabas, that we among the heathen, and they into the circumcision;^[d]

¹⁰ only that we had mind of poor men [only that we should be mindful of poor men], the which thing I was full busy to do.

¹¹ But when Peter was come to Antioch, I against-stood him in the face [I stood against him into the face], for he was worthy to be reproved.

¹² For before that there came some men from James [Forsooth before that some came from James], he ate with heathen men; but when they were come, he withdrew, and separated him(self ) [and parted him], dreading them that were of circumcision.

¹³ And the other Jews assented to his feigning [And other Jews consented to his feigning], so that Barnabas was drawn of them into that feigning.

¹⁴ But when I saw, that they walked not rightly to the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter before all men, If thou, that art a Jew, livest heathen-like, and not Jew-like, how constrainest thou heathen men to become Jews?

¹⁵ We Jews of kind, and not sinful men of the heathen, [We be Jews of kind, and not sinners of heathen men,]

¹⁶ know that a man [soothly knowing for a man] is not justified of the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ; and we believe in Jesus Christ, that we be justified of the faith of Christ [that we be justified by the faith of Christ], and not of the works of the law. Wherefore of the works of the law each flesh shall not be justified.

¹⁷ And if we seek to be justified in Christ, we ourselves be found sinful men, whether Christ be minister of sin? God forbid. [That if we seeking to be justified in Christ, and we ourselves be found sinners, whether Christ is minister of sin? Far be it.]

¹⁸ And if I build again things that I have destroyed [Soothly if I build again those things that I destroyed], I make myself a trespasser.

¹⁹ For by the law I am dead to the law, [For by the law I am dead to the law, that I live to God;]

²⁰ and I am fixed to the cross, that I live to God with Christ. And now live not I, but Christ liveth in me. But that I live now in flesh, I live in the faith of God's Son, that loved me, and gave himself for me. [with Christ I am fixed to the cross. Forsooth I live now, not I, but Christ liveth in me. Forsooth that I live now in flesh, I live in the faith of God's Son, which loved me, and betook himself for me.]

²¹ I cast not away the grace of God; for if rightwiseness be through law [for if rightwiseness is by the law], then Christ died without cause.

3 O! unwitty Galatians, before whose eyes Jesus Christ is exiled, and is crucified in you, who hath deceived you, that ye obey not to truth?^[e]

² This only I desire to learn of you, whether ye have received the Spirit of the works of the law, or of hearing of belief?^[f]

³ So ye be fools, that when ye have begun in Spirit, ye be ended in flesh [now ye be ended by flesh].

⁴ So great things ye have suffered without cause [Ye have suffered so many things without cause], if it be without cause.

⁵ [Therefore] He that giveth to you [the] Spirit, and worketh works of power in you, whether of [the] works of the law, or of hearing of belief [or of hearing of faith]?

⁶ As it is written, Abraham believed to God, and it was reckoned to him to rightwiseness.

⁷ And therefore know ye, that these that be of belief, be the sons of Abraham.^[g]

⁸ And the scripture seeing afar, that God justifieth the heathen of belief, told before to Abraham, That in thee all the heathen shall be blessed [for God justifieth of faith heathen men, told before to Abraham, For in thee all folks, or heathen men, shall be blessed].

⁹ And therefore these that be of belief [Therefore they that be of faith], shall be blessed with faithful Abraham.

¹⁰ For all that be of the works of the law, be under curse; for it is written, Each man is cursed, that abideth not in all things that be written in the book of the law, to do those things.^[h]

¹¹ And that no man is justified in the law before God, it is open, for a rightful man liveth of belief. [Forsooth for no man is justified in the law with God, it is known, for a rightful man liveth by faith.]

¹² But the law is not of belief, but he that doeth those things of the law [but he that doeth those things], shall live in them.

¹³ But Christ again-bought us from the curse of the law, and was made accursed for us; for it is written, Each man is cursed that hangeth in the tree;^[i]

¹⁴ that among the heathen the blessing of Abraham were made in Jesus Christ, that we receive the promise of Spirit through belief. [that the blessing of Abraham in heathen men should be made in Christ Jesus, that we take the promise of Spirit by faith.]

¹⁵ Brethren, I say after man, no man despiseth the testament of a man that is confirmed, or ordaineth above [or above-ordaineth other thing].

¹⁶ The promises were said to Abraham and to his seed; he saith not, In [the] seeds, as in many, but as in one, And to thy seed, that is, Christ.

¹⁷ But I say, this testament is confirmed of God; the law that was made after four hundred and thirty years, maketh not the testament vain to void away the promise.^[j]

¹⁸ For if [the] heritage were of the law, it were not now of promise. But God granted to Abraham through promise [Forsooth God gave to Abraham by again-promise].

¹⁹ What then the law [What therefore profiteth the law]? It was set for trespassing, till the seed came, to whom he had made the promise. Which law was ordained by angels, in the hand of a mediator.

²⁰ But a mediator is not of one. But God is one.

²¹ Is then the law against the promises of God? God forbid [Far be it]. For if the law were given, that might quicken, verily were rightwiseness of law [For if there were a law given, which might quicken, verily rightwiseness were of law].

²² But the scripture hath concluded all things under sin, that the promise of the faith [of faith] of Jesus Christ were given to them that believe.

²³ And before that belief came, they were kept under the law, enclosed into that belief that was to be showed. [Forsooth before that the faith came, we were kept under the law, shut together into that faith that was to be showed.]

²⁴ And so the law was our under-master in Christ, that we be justified of belief.^[k]

²⁵ But after that belief came [But after that the faith came], we be not now under the under-master.

²⁶ For all ye be the children of God through the belief of Jesus Christ. [For all ye be the sons of God by faith in Christ Jesus.]

²⁷ For all ye that be baptized, be clothed with Christ. [Forsooth whoever ye be baptized in Christ, ye have clothed in Christ.]

²⁸ There is no Jew, nor Greek, no bondman, nor free man, no male, nor female [There is not Jew, neither Greek; there is not servant, neither free man; there is not male, neither female]; for all ye be one in Christ Jesus.

²⁹ And if ye be one in Jesus Christ, then ye be the seed of Abraham, and heirs by promise. [Forsooth if ye be of Christ, therefore ye be seed of Abraham, after the promise ye be heirs.]

4 But I say, as long time as the heir is a little child, he diverseth nothing from a servant, when he is lord of all things [when he is lord of all];

² but he is under keepers and tutors, into the time determined of the father.^[l]

³ So we, when we were little children, we served under the elements of the world. [So and we, when we were little, were serving under the elements of the world.]

⁴ But after that the fulfilling of the time came, God sent his Son, made of a woman, made under the law,

⁵ that he should again-buy them that were under the law, that we should receive the adoption of sons.

⁶ And for ye be God's sons, God sent his Spirit into your hearts [God sent the Spirit of his Son into your hearts], crying, Abba, Father.

⁷ And so there is not now a servant, but a son; and if he is a son, he is an heir by God. [Therefore now there is not servant, but son; that if son, then and heir by God.]

⁸ But then ye not knowing God [But then soothly ye unknowing God], served to them that in kind were not gods.

⁹ But now when ye have known God, and be known of God, how be ye turned again to the feeble and needy elements, to the which ye will again serve? [Now forsooth when ye have known God, yea, rather ye be known of God, how be ye turned together again to sick, or frail, and needy elements, to which ye will serve again?]

¹⁰ Ye take keep to days [Ye keep, or wait (on), days], and months, and times, and years.

¹¹ But I dread you, lest without cause I have travailed among you [lest peradventure I have travailed in you without cause].

¹² Be ye as I, for I am as ye. Brethren, I beseech you, ye have hurt me nothing [ye have nothing hurt me].

¹³ But ye know, that by infirmity of flesh I have preached to you [I have evangelized to you] now before;

¹⁴ and ye despised not, neither forsook your temptation in my flesh [and your temptation in my flesh ye despised not, neither forsook], but ye received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus.

¹⁵ Where then is your blessing [Where is therefore your blessedness, that ye had before time]? For I bear you witness, that if it might have been done, ye would have put out your eyes, and have given them to me.

¹⁶ Am I then made an enemy to you, saying to you the sooth? [Therefore am I made enemy to you, saying true thing to you?]

¹⁷ They love not you well [They love you not well], but they will exclude you, that ye follow them.

¹⁸ But follow ye the good evermore in good, and not only when I am present with you.

¹⁹ My small children, which I bear again, till that Christ be formed in you, [My little sons, whom I child, or bring forth by travail, again, till Christ be formed in you,]

²⁰ and I would now be at you, and change my voice, for I am confounded among you [for I am confounded, or shamed, in you].

²¹ Say to me, ye that will be under the law, have ye not read the law?

²² For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, one of a servant, and one of a free woman [one of the handmaiden, and one of the free wife].

²³ But he that was of the servant, was born after the flesh; but he that was of the free woman, by a promise.^[m]

²⁴ The which things be said by another understanding. For these be two testaments; one in the hill of Sinai, engendering into servage, which is Agar.^[n]

²⁵ For Sinai is an hill that is in Arabia, which hill is joined to it that is now Jerusalem, and serveth with her children.

²⁶ But that Jerusalem that is above, is free, which is our mother.

²⁷ For it is written, Be glad, thou barren, that bearest not; break out and cry, that bringest forth no children [break out and cry, thou that childest not]; for many sons be of her that is left of her husband [for many sons be of the deserted, or left woman], more than of her that hath an husband.

²⁸ For, brethren, we be sons of promise after Isaac; [Forsooth, brethren, we be after Isaac the sons of promise;]

²⁹ but now as this that was born after the flesh pursued him that was after the Spirit, so now.^[o]

³⁰ But what saith the scripture? Cast out the servant and her son, for the son of the servant shall not be heir with the son of the free wife.^[p]

³¹ And so, brethren, we be not sons of the servant, but of the free wife, by which freedom Christ hath made us free.^[q]

5 Stand ye therefore, and do not ye again be held in the yoke of servage. [Therefore stand ye, and again do not ye be together holden in the yoke of servage.]

² Lo! I Paul say to you, that if ye be circumcised, Christ shall nothing profit to you. [Lo! I Paul say to you, that if ye be circumcised, Christ shall profit to you nothing.]

³ And I witness again to each man that circumciseth himself [Soothly I bear witnessing again to every man circumcising himself], that he is a debtor of all the law to be done.

⁴ And ye be voided away from Christ, and ye that be justified in the law, ye have fallen away from grace. [Ye be voided from Christ, ye that be justified in the law have fallen away from grace.]

⁵ For we through the Spirit of belief abide the hope of rightwiseness. [For we by Spirit of faith abide the hope of rightwiseness.]

⁶ For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision is any thing worth, neither prepuce, but the belief that worketh by charity [but faith that worketh by charity].

⁷ Ye ran well; who hindered you that ye obeyed not to the truth [who letted you to not obey to the truth]?

⁸ Consent ye to no man; for this counsel is not of him that hath called you [forsooth this persuasion, or counseling, is not of him that called you].

⁹ A little sourdough impaireth [maketh sour] all the gobbet.

¹⁰ I trust on you in our Lord [I trust of you in the Lord], that ye should understand none other thing. And who that disturbeth you [Forsooth he that distroubleth you], shall bear doom whoever he be.

¹¹ And, brethren, if I preach yet circumcision, what suffer I yet persecution? then the stumbling of the cross is voided. [Forsooth, brethren, if I preach yet circumcision, what yet suffer I persecution? therefore the offence of the cross is voided.]

¹² I would that they were cut away, that disturb you. [I would that they that distrouble you, be also cut off.]

¹³ For, brethren, ye be called into freedom; only give ye not freedom into occasion of flesh [Forsooth, brethren, ye be called into liberty only; give ye not liberty into occasion of flesh], but by charity of [the] Spirit serve ye together.

¹⁴ For every law is fulfilled in one word [Forsooth all the law is fulfilled in one word], Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

¹⁵ And if ye bite, and eat each other, see ye, lest ye be wasted each from other.

¹⁶ And I say to you in Christ, walk ye in Spirit, and ye shall not perform the desires of the flesh.

¹⁷ For the flesh coveteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; for these be adversaries together, that ye do not all things that ye will [that ye do not those things, whatever ye will].

¹⁸ That if ye be led by Spirit [For if ye be led by the Spirit], ye be not under the law.

¹⁹ And the works of the flesh be open, which be fornication, uncleanness, unchastity, lechery,

²⁰ service of false gods [serving to idols, or false gods], witchcrafts, enmities, strivings [strives], indignations, wraths, chidings, dissensions, sects [sects, or heresies],

²¹ envies, manslayings, drunken-nesses, unmeasurable eatings, and things like to these [gluttonies, and like things to these], which I say to you before, as I have told to you before, for they that do such things, shall not have the kingdom of God.

²² But the fruit of the Spirit is charity, joy, peace, patience, long abiding, benignity [benignity, or good will], goodness, mildness, faith,

²³ temperance, continence, chastity; against such things is no law.

²⁴ And they that be of Christ, have crucified their flesh with vices and covetings. [Forsooth they that be of Christ, have crucified their flesh with vices and concupiscenes, or covetings.]

²⁵ If we live by Spirit, walk we by Spirit;

²⁶ be we not made covetous of vain glory, stirring each other to wrath, or having envy each to other.

6 Brethren, if a man be occupied in any guilt, ye that be spiritual, inform ye such one in spirit of softness, beholding thyself, lest that thou be tempted.^[r]

² Each bear other's charges [Bear ye the charges the tother of the tother, or each of other], and so ye shall fulfill the law of Christ.

³ For who that troweth that he be aught, when he is nought, he beguileth himself. [For why if any man guesseth himself to be aught, when he is nought, he deceiveth himself.]

⁴ But each man prove his own work, and so he shall have glory [only] in himself, and not in another.

⁵ For each man shall bear his own charge.

⁶ He that is taught in word, commune he with him that teacheth him, in all goods. [Forsooth he that is taught by word, commune to him that teacheth him, in all good things.]

⁷ Do not ye err, God is not scorned; for those things that a man soweth, those things he shall reap [for why what things a man soweth, also these things he shall reap].

⁸ For he that soweth in his flesh, of the flesh he shall reap corruption; but he that soweth in the Spirit, of the Spirit he shall reap everlasting life.

⁹ And doing good fail we not [Forsooth we doing good, fail not]; for in his time we shall reap, not failing.

¹⁰ Therefore while we have time, work we good to all men; but most to them that be the home of the faith [but most to the household members of the faith].

¹¹ See ye, what manner letters I have written to you with mine own hand.

¹² For whoever will please in the flesh, these constrain you to be circumcised, only that they suffer not the persecution of Christ's cross.

¹³ For neither they that be circumcised keep the law; but they will that ye be circumcised, that they have glory in your flesh [but they will you to be circumcised, that they glory in your flesh].

¹⁴ But far be it from me to have glory [Forsooth be it far to me to glory], but in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified to me, and I to the world.

¹⁵ For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision is any thing worth, nor prepuce, but a new creature.

¹⁶ And whoever follow this rule, peace on them, and mercy, and on Israel of God [peace upon them, and mercy, and upon Israel of God].

¹⁷ And hereafter no man be heavy to me; for I bear in my body the tokens of our Lord Jesus Christ. [From henceforth, no man be heavy to me; forsooth I bear in my body the tokens, or wounds, of our Lord Jesus Christ.]

¹⁸ The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brethren. Amen.