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Now I say, As long as the heir is a child, he differs nothing from a bondman, though he be lord of all;

but he is under guardians and stewards until the period fixed by the father.

So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under the principles of the world;

but when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, come of woman, come under law,

that he might redeem those under law, that we might receive sonship.

But because ye are sons, God has sent out the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father.

So thou art no longer bondman, but son; but if son, heir also through God.

But then indeed, not knowing God, ye were in bondage to those who by nature are not gods;

but now, knowing God, but rather being known by God, how do ye turn again to the weak and beggarly principles to which ye desire to be again anew in bondage?

10 Ye observe days and months and times and years.

11 I am afraid of you, lest indeed I have laboured in vain as to you.

12 Be as *I* [am], for *I* also [am] as *ye*, brethren, I beseech you: ye have not at all wronged me.

13 But ye know that in weakness of the flesh I announced the glad tidings to you at the first;

14 and my temptation, which [was] in my flesh, ye did not slight nor reject with contempt; but ye received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus.

15 What then [was] your blessedness? for I bear you witness that, if possible, plucking out your own eyes ye would have given [them] to me.

16 So I have become your enemy in speaking the truth to you?

17 They are not rightly zealous after you, but desire to shut you out [from us], that ye may be zealous after them.

18 But [it is] right to be zealous at all times in what is right, and not only when I am present with you—

19 my children, of whom I again travail in birth until Christ shall have been formed in you:

20 and I should wish to be present with you now, and change my voice, for I am perplexed as to you.

21 Tell me, ye who are desirous of being under law, do ye not listen to the law?

22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons; one of the maid servant, and one of the free woman.

23 But he [that was] of the maid servant was born according to flesh, and he [that was] of the free woman through the promise.

24 Which things have an allegorical sense; for these are two covenants: one from mount Sinai, gendering to bondage, which is Hagar.

25 For Hagar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which [is] now, for she is in bondage with her children;

26 but the Jerusalem above is free, which is our mother.

27 For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break out and cry, thou that travailest not; because the children of the desolate are more numerous than [those] of her that has a husband.

28 But *ye*, brethren, after the pattern of Isaac, are children of promise.

29 But as then he that was born according to flesh persecuted him [that was born] according to Spirit, so also [it is] now.

30 But what says the scripture? Cast out the maid servant and her son; for the son of the maid servant shall not inherit with the son of the free woman.

31 So then, brethren, we are not maid servant's children, but [children] of the free woman.

Christ has set us free in freedom; stand fast therefore, and be not held again in a yoke of bondage.

Behold, I, Paul, say to you, that if ye are circumcised, Christ shall profit you nothing.

And I witness again to every man [who is] circumcised, that he is debtor to do the whole law.

Ye are deprived of all profit from the Christ as separated [from him], as many as are justified by law; ye have fallen from grace.

For we, by [the] Spirit, on the principle of faith, await the hope of righteousness.

For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision has any force, nor uncircumcision; but faith working through love.

Ye ran well; who has stopped you that ye should not obey the truth?

The persuasibleness [is] not of him that calls you.

A little leaven leavens the whole lump.

10 *I* have confidence as to you in [the] Lord, that ye will have no other mind; and he that is troubling you shall bear the guilt [of it], whosoever he may be.

11 But *I*, brethren, if I yet preach circumcision, why am I yet persecuted? Then the scandal of the cross has been done away.

12 I would that they would even cut themselves off who throw you into confusion.

13 For *ye* have been called to liberty, brethren; only [do] not [turn] liberty into an opportunity to the flesh, but by love serve one another.

14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, in Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself;

15 but if ye bite and devour one another, see that ye are not consumed one of another.

16 But I say, Walk in [the] Spirit, and ye shall no way fulfil flesh's lust.

17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these things are opposed one to the other, that ye should not do those things which ye desire;

18 but if ye are led by the Spirit, ye are not under law.

19 Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are fornication, uncleanness, licentiousness,

20 idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strifes, jealousies, angers, contentions, disputes, schools of opinion,

21 envyings, murders, drunkennesses, revels, and things like these; as to which I tell you beforehand, even as I also have said before, that they who do such things shall not inherit God's kingdom.

22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, fidelity,

23 meekness, self-control: against such things there is no law.

24 But they that [are] of the Christ have crucified the flesh with the passions and the lusts.

25 If we live by the Spirit, let us walk also by the Spirit.

26 Let us not become vain-glorious, provoking one another, envying one another.

Brethren, if even a man be taken in some fault, ye who are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of meekness, considering thyself lest *thou* also be tempted.

Bear one another's burdens, and thus fulfil the law of the Christ.

For if any man reputes himself to be something, being nothing, he deceives himself;

but let each prove his own work, and then he will have his boast in what belongs to himself alone, and not in what belongs to another.

For each shall bear his own burden.

Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teaches in all good things.

Be not deceived: God is not mocked; for whatever a man shall sow, that also shall he reap.

For he that sows to his own flesh, shall reap corruption from the flesh; but he that sows to the Spirit, from the Spirit shall reap eternal life:

but let us not lose heart in doing good; for in due time, if we do not faint, we shall reap.

10 So then, as we have occasion, let us do good towards all, and specially towards those of the household of faith.

11 See how long a letter I have written to you with my own hand.

12 As many as desire to have a fair appearance in [the] flesh, these compel you to be circumcised, only that they may not be persecuted because of the cross of Christ.

13 For neither do they that are circumcised themselves keep the law; but they wish you to be circumcised, that they may boast in your flesh.

14 But far be it from me to boast save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom [the] world is crucified to me, and I to the world.

15 For [in Christ Jesus] neither is circumcision anything, nor uncircumcision; but new creation.

16 And as many as shall walk by this rule, peace upon them and mercy, and upon the Israel of God.

17 For the rest let no one trouble me, for *I* bear in my body the brands of the Lord Jesus.

18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with your spirit, brethren. Amen.

What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B) But when the set time had fully come,(C) God sent his Son,(D) born of a woman,(E) born under the law,(F) to redeem(G) those under the law, that we might receive adoption(H) to sonship.[b](I) Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son(J) into our hearts,(K) the Spirit who calls out, “Abba,[c] Father.”(L) So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.(M)

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

Formerly, when you did not know God,(N) you were slaves(O) to those who by nature are not gods.(P) But now that you know God—or rather are known by God(Q)—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces[d]? Do you wish to be enslaved(R) by them all over again?(S) 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!(T) 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.(U)

12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters,(V) become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness(W) that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself.(X) 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?(Y)

17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them.(Z) 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.(AA) 19 My dear children,(AB) for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,(AC) 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!

Hagar and Sarah

21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(AD) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(AE) and the other by the free woman.(AF) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(AG) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(AH)

24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(AI) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:

“Be glad, barren woman,
    you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
    you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
    than of her who has a husband.”[e](AJ)

28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(AK) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(AL) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(AM) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[f](AN) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(AO) but of the free woman.(AP)

Freedom in Christ

It is for freedom that Christ has set us free.(AQ) Stand firm,(AR) then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.(AS)

Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised,(AT) Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.(AU) You who are trying to be justified by the law(AV) have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.(AW) For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope.(AX) For in Christ Jesus(AY) neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value.(AZ) The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.(BA)

You were running a good race.(BB) Who cut in on you(BC) to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you.(BD) “A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.”(BE) 10 I am confident(BF) in the Lord that you will take no other view.(BG) The one who is throwing you into confusion,(BH) whoever that may be, will have to pay the penalty. 11 Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?(BI) In that case the offense(BJ) of the cross has been abolished. 12 As for those agitators,(BK) I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!

Life by the Spirit

13 You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free.(BL) But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh[g];(BM) rather, serve one another(BN) humbly in love. 14 For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”[h](BO) 15 If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.

16 So I say, walk by the Spirit,(BP) and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh.(BQ) 17 For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh.(BR) They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever[i] you want.(BS) 18 But if you are led by the Spirit,(BT) you are not under the law.(BU)

19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality,(BV) impurity and debauchery; 20 idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions 21 and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like.(BW) I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.(BX)

22 But the fruit(BY) of the Spirit is love,(BZ) joy, peace,(CA) forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control.(CB) Against such things there is no law.(CC) 24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh(CD) with its passions and desires.(CE) 25 Since we live by the Spirit,(CF) let us keep in step with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited,(CG) provoking and envying each other.

Doing Good to All

Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit(CH) should restore(CI) that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted. Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.(CJ) If anyone thinks they are something(CK) when they are not, they deceive themselves.(CL) Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone,(CM) without comparing themselves to someone else,(CN) for each one should carry their own load.(CO) Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.(CP)

Do not be deceived:(CQ) God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows.(CR) Whoever sows to please their flesh,(CS) from the flesh will reap destruction;(CT) whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.(CU) Let us not become weary in doing good,(CV) for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.(CW) 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good(CX) to all people, especially to those who belong to the family(CY) of believers.

Not Circumcision but the New Creation

11 See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!(CZ)

12 Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh(DA) are trying to compel you to be circumcised.(DB) The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted(DC) for the cross of Christ. 13 Not even those who are circumcised keep the law,(DD) yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh.(DE) 14 May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ,(DF) through which[j] the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.(DG) 15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything;(DH) what counts is the new creation.(DI) 16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to[k] the Israel of God.

17 From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks(DJ) of Jesus.

18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ(DK) be with your spirit,(DL) brothers and sisters. Amen.

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles
  2. Galatians 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.
  3. Galatians 4:6 Aramaic for Father
  4. Galatians 4:9 Or principles
  5. Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
  6. Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10
  7. Galatians 5:13 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 16, 17, 19 and 24; and in 6:8.
  8. Galatians 5:14 Lev. 19:18
  9. Galatians 5:17 Or you do not do what
  10. Galatians 6:14 Or whom
  11. Galatians 6:16 Or rule and to