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God’s Message to Babylon

13 God showed Isaiah son of Amoz this message[a] about Babylon:

“Raise a flag on that mountain[b] where nothing grows.
    Call out to the men.
Wave your arms to let them know
    they should enter through the gates for important leaders.

“I have separated these men from the people,
    and I myself will command them.
I have gathered these proud, happy soldiers of mine
    to show how angry I am.

“Listen to that loud noise in the mountains.
    It sounds like crowds of people.
People from many kingdoms are gathering together.
    The Lord All-Powerful is calling his army together.
They are coming from a faraway land.
    They are coming from beyond the horizon.
The Lord will use this army as a weapon to show his anger.
    They will destroy the whole country.”

The Lord’s special day is near. So cry and be sad for yourselves. A time is coming when the enemy will steal your wealth. God All-Powerful will make that happen.[c] People will lose their courage. Fear will make them weak. Everyone will be afraid. They will stare at each other with shock on their faces. Fear will grip them like the pains of a woman in childbirth.

God’s Judgment Against Babylon

Look, the Lord’s special day is coming! It will be a terrible day. God will be very angry. He will destroy the country and wipe out the sinful people who live there. 10 The skies will be dark. The sun, the moon, and the stars will not shine.

11 The Lord says, “I will cause bad things to happen to the world. I will punish the evil people for their sin. I will make proud people lose their pride. I will stop the bragging of cruel people. 12 There will be only a few people left. They will be as rare as pure gold. 13 In my anger I will shake the sky, and the earth will be moved from its place.”

That will happen on the day the Lord All-Powerful shows his anger. 14 Then the people from Babylon will run away like wounded deer or sheep that have no shepherd. Everyone will turn and run back to their own country and people. 15 Anyone caught by the enemy will be killed with a sword. 16 Everything in their houses will be stolen. Their wives will be raped, and their little children will be beaten to death while they watch.

17 The Lord says, “Look, I will cause the armies of Media to attack Babylon. Nothing will stop them, even if someone offers them gold and silver. 18 They will walk on the bows of the young soldiers of Babylon. The enemy soldiers will not show any kindness or mercy even to the babies and young children. 19 Babylon will be destroyed like the time God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.

“Babylon is the most beautiful of all kingdoms. The Babylonians[d] are very proud of their city. 20 But Babylon will not continue to be beautiful. People will not continue to live there in the future. Arabs will not put their tents there. Shepherds will not bring their sheep to let them eat there. 21 The only animals living there will be wild animals from the desert. People will not be living in their houses in Babylon. The houses will be full of owls and large birds. Wild goats[e] will play in the houses. 22 Wild dogs and wolves will howl in the great and beautiful buildings. Babylon will be finished. The end is near, and it will not be delayed.”

Israel Will Return Home

14 The Lord will again show his love to Jacob. He will again choose the people of Israel. He will give them their land. Then the non-Israelites[f] will join the Israelites, and both will become one family—Jacob’s family. Those nations will bring the Israelites back to their land. The men and women from the other nations will become slaves to Israel. In the past, those people forced the Israelites to become their slaves. But in the future the Israelites will defeat those nations, and Israel will then rule over them in the Lord’s land. In the past, you were slaves. People forced you to work hard. But the Lord will take away the hard work you were forced to do.

A Song About the King of Babylon

At that time you will begin to sing this song about the king of Babylon:

The king was cruel when he ruled us,
    but now his rule is finished.
The Lord breaks the scepter of evil rulers;
    he takes away their power.
In anger, the king of Babylon beat the people.
    He never stopped beating them.
He was an evil ruler who ruled in anger.
    He never stopped hurting people.
But now, the whole country rests and is quiet.
    Now the people begin to celebrate.
You were an evil king,
    and now you are finished.
Even the pine trees are happy.
    The cedar trees of Lebanon rejoice.
They say, “The king chopped us down,
    but now the king has fallen,
    and he will never stand again.”
The place of death is excited
    that you are coming.
Sheol is waking the spirits
    of all the leaders of the earth for you.
Sheol is making the kings stand up
    from their thrones to meet you.
10 They will make fun of you, saying,
    “Now you are as dead as we are.
    Now you are just like us.”
11 Your pride has been sent down to Sheol.
    The music from your harps announces the coming of your proud spirit.
Maggots will be the bed you lie on,
    and other worms will cover your body like a blanket.
12 You were like the morning star,
    but you have fallen from the sky.
In the past, all the nations on earth bowed down before you,
    but now you have been cut down.
13 You always told yourself,
    “I will go to the skies above.
I will put my throne above God’s stars.
    I will sit on Zaphon,[g] the holy mountain where the gods meet.
14 I will go up to the altar above the tops of the clouds.
    I will be like God Most High.”

15 But that did not happen.
    You were brought down to the deep pit—Sheol, the place of death.
16 People will come to look at your dead body.
    They will think about you and say,
“Is this the same man
    who caused great fear in all the kingdoms on earth,
17 who destroyed cities
    and turned the land into a desert,
who captured people in war
    and would not let them go home?”
18 The kings of other nations lie buried with honor,
    each king with his own grave.
19 But you were thrown out of your grave
    like a branch cut from a tree and thrown away.
You are like a dead man who fell in battle,
    trampled under the feet of other soldiers.
Now you look like any other dead man
    wrapped in burial clothes.
20 Other kings have their own graves,
    but you will not join them,
because you ruined your own country
    and killed your own people.
So your wicked descendants will be stopped.

21 Prepare to kill his children,
    because their father is guilty.
His children will never take control of the land.
    They will never fill the world with their cities.

22 The Lord All-Powerful said, “I will stand and fight against those people. I will destroy the famous city, Babylon. I will destroy all the people there. I will destroy their children, their grandchildren, and their great-grandchildren.” The Lord himself said this.

23 “I will change Babylon. It will be a place for animals,[h] not people. It will be a swamp. I will use the ‘broom of destruction’ to sweep Babylon away.” The Lord All-Powerful said this.

God Will Also Punish Assyria

24 The Lord All-Powerful made this promise: “This will happen exactly as I meant for it to happen. It will happen just the way I planned. 25 I will destroy the king of Assyria in my country. I will walk on him on my mountains. He forced my people to be his slaves; he put a yoke on their necks. But that pole will be taken off Judah’s neck, and that burden will be removed. 26 This is what I plan to do for this land. I will use my power to punish all those nations.”

27 When the Lord All-Powerful makes a plan, no one can change it. When he raises his arm to punish, no one can stop him.

God’s Message to Philistia

28 This message[i] was given to me the year King Ahaz died[j]:

29 Country of Philistia, don’t be happy that the king who beat you is now dead. It is true that his rule has ended, but his son will come and rule. It will be like one snake giving birth to a more dangerous one. The new king will be like a quick and dangerous snake to you. 30 But even the poorest of my people will be able to eat safely. And their children will be able to lie down and feel safe. But I will make your family die from hunger, and your enemy will kill anyone who survives.

31 People near the city gates, cry!
    People in the city, cry out!
Everyone in Philistia,
    your courage will melt like hot wax.

Look to the north!
    There is a cloud of dust.
An army is coming,
    and everyone in that army is strong.[k]
32 But what will the messengers from that nation report about us?
    They will say, “The Lord made Zion strong,
    and his poor people went there for safety.”

God’s Message to Moab

15 This is a message about Moab:

One night armies took the wealth from Ar in Moab,
    and the city was destroyed.
One night armies took the wealth from Kir in Moab,
    and the city was destroyed.
The king’s family and the people of Dibon[l] go to the places of worship[m] to cry.
    The people of Moab are crying for Nebo[n] and Medeba.[o]
    They have shaved their heads and beards to show their sadness.
Everywhere in Moab, on the housetops and in the streets,
    people are wearing sackcloth.
    Everyone is crying.
In Heshbon and Elealeh they are crying loudly.
    You can hear their voices as far away as Jahaz.
Even the soldiers are frightened.
    They are shaking with fear.

My heart cries, full of sorrow for Moab.
    Its people run away to Zoar for safety.
    They run to Eglath Shelishiyah.
The people are crying
    as they go up the road to Luhith.
They are crying loudly
    as they walk on the road to Horonaim.
But Nimrim Brook is as dry as a desert.
    The grass has dried up,
and the plants are all dead.
    Nothing is green.
So the people gather up everything they own
    and cross the border at Arabah stream.

You can hear crying everywhere in Moab—
    as far away as Eglaim and Beer Elim.
The water of Dimon[p] is full of blood,
    and I will bring even more troubles to Dimon.
A few people living in Moab have escaped the enemy,
    but I will send lions to eat them.

16 You people should send a gift to the king of the land. You should send a lamb from Sela, through the desert, to the mountain in the city of Jerusalem.[q]

The women of Moab try to cross the river Arnon.
    They run around looking for help,
    like little birds that have fallen from their nest.
They say, “Help us!
    Tell us what to do.
Protect us from our enemies
    as shade protects us from the noon sun.
We are running from our enemies.
    Hide us!
    Don’t give us to our enemies.
People from Moab were forced to leave their homes.
    So let them live in your land.
    Hide them from their enemies.”

The robbing will stop.
    The enemy will be defeated.
    The men who hurt the people will be gone from the land.
Then a new king will come.
    He will be from David’s family.[r]
    He will be loyal, loving, and kind.
He will be a king who judges fairly.
    He will do what is right and good.

We have heard that the people of Moab
    are very proud and conceited.
They are hot-tempered braggers,
    but their boasts are only empty words.
Because of their pride, everyone in Moab will mourn.
    They will wish for the way things used to be.
    They will wish for the raisin cakes from Kir Hareseth.[s]
The fields of Heshbon and the vines of Sibmah no longer grow grapes.
    Foreign rulers have destroyed the vines.
The enemy has reached Jazer
    and has spread into the desert and down to the sea.[t]
I will cry with the people of Jazer and Sibmah,
    because the grapes have been destroyed.
I will cry with the people of Heshbon and Elealeh
    because there will be no harvest.
There will be no summer fruit,
    and there will be no shouts of joy for the harvest.
10 There will be no joy and happiness in the orchard.
    I will end the happy singing and shouting in the vineyard.
The grapes are ready to make wine,
    but they will all be ruined.
11 So I will hum a sad song for Moab and Kir Heres,[u]
    like a harp playing a funeral song.
12 The people of Moab will go
    to their high places to worship.
They will go to their temple to pray,
    but it will not help them.

13 The Lord said these things about Moab many times. 14 And now the Lord says, “In three years (counting as exactly as a hired helper would) all those people and the things they are proud of will be gone. Only a few of their weakest people will be left.”

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:1 message Or “burden.”
  2. Isaiah 13:2 mountain This probably means Babylon.
  3. Isaiah 13:6 A time … happen This is a wordplay in Hebrew. The word meaning “stealing things in war” sounds like the word meaning “God All-Powerful.”
  4. Isaiah 13:19 Babylonians Literally, “Chaldeans.”
  5. Isaiah 13:21 Wild goats The Hebrew word means “hairy,” “goat,” or “goat-demon.”
  6. Isaiah 14:1 non-Israelites This usually means those who live in a country but are not yet citizens of that country. Here, it is the non-Israelites who decided to follow God.
  7. Isaiah 14:13 Zaphon This Hebrew word literally means “north” or “hidden.”
  8. Isaiah 14:23 animals Literally, “porcupines.”
  9. Isaiah 14:28 message Or “burden.” Also in 15:1.
  10. Isaiah 14:28 year King Ahaz died About 727 B.C.
  11. Isaiah 14:31 everyone … strong Or “there are no stragglers in that group.”
  12. Isaiah 15:2 Dibon A city in the country of Moab. This name is like a Hebrew word meaning “to be very sad.”
  13. Isaiah 15:2 places of worship Or “high places.” See “high places” in the Word List.
  14. Isaiah 15:2 Nebo A city in the country of Moab and the name of a false god.
  15. Isaiah 15:2 Medeba A city in the country of Moab. This name is like a Hebrew word meaning “to be very sad.”
  16. Isaiah 15:9 Dimon This is probably the city of Dibon. Dimon is like the Hebrew word meaning “blood.”
  17. Isaiah 16:1 city of Jerusalem Literally, “daughter Zion.” See “Zion” in the Word List.
  18. Isaiah 16:5 David’s family The royal family of Judah. God promised that men from David’s family would be kings in Judah.
  19. Isaiah 16:7 Kir Hareseth A city in the country of Moab.
  20. Isaiah 16:8 Foreign rulers … the sea Or “These grapes made many foreign rulers drunk. The vines spread far to the city of Jazer, then into the desert and down to the sea.”
  21. Isaiah 16:11 Kir Heres Kir Hareseth, a city in the country of Moab. Kir Heres means “a city chosen to be destroyed.”

A Prophecy Against Babylon

13 A prophecy(A) against Babylon(B) that Isaiah son of Amoz(C) saw:(D)

Raise a banner(E) on a bare hilltop,
    shout to them;
beckon to them
    to enter the gates(F) of the nobles.
I have commanded those I prepared for battle;
    I have summoned my warriors(G) to carry out my wrath(H)
    those who rejoice(I) in my triumph.

Listen, a noise on the mountains,
    like that of a great multitude!(J)
Listen, an uproar(K) among the kingdoms,
    like nations massing together!
The Lord Almighty(L) is mustering(M)
    an army for war.
They come from faraway lands,
    from the ends of the heavens(N)
the Lord and the weapons(O) of his wrath(P)
    to destroy(Q) the whole country.

Wail,(R) for the day(S) of the Lord is near;
    it will come like destruction(T) from the Almighty.[a](U)
Because of this, all hands will go limp,(V)
    every heart will melt with fear.(W)
Terror(X) will seize them,
    pain and anguish will grip(Y) them;
    they will writhe like a woman in labor.(Z)
They will look aghast at each other,
    their faces aflame.(AA)

See, the day(AB) of the Lord is coming
    —a cruel(AC) day, with wrath(AD) and fierce anger(AE)
to make the land desolate
    and destroy the sinners within it.
10 The stars of heaven and their constellations
    will not show their light.(AF)
The rising sun(AG) will be darkened(AH)
    and the moon will not give its light.(AI)
11 I will punish(AJ) the world for its evil,
    the wicked(AK) for their sins.
I will put an end to the arrogance of the haughty(AL)
    and will humble(AM) the pride of the ruthless.(AN)
12 I will make people(AO) scarcer than pure gold,
    more rare than the gold of Ophir.(AP)
13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble;(AQ)
    and the earth will shake(AR) from its place
at the wrath(AS) of the Lord Almighty,
    in the day of his burning anger.(AT)

14 Like a hunted(AU) gazelle,
    like sheep without a shepherd,(AV)
they will all return to their own people,
    they will flee(AW) to their native land.(AX)
15 Whoever is captured will be thrust through;
    all who are caught will fall(AY) by the sword.(AZ)
16 Their infants(BA) will be dashed to pieces before their eyes;
    their houses will be looted and their wives violated.(BB)

17 See, I will stir up(BC) against them the Medes,(BD)
    who do not care for silver
    and have no delight in gold.(BE)
18 Their bows(BF) will strike down the young men;(BG)
    they will have no mercy(BH) on infants,
    nor will they look with compassion on children.(BI)
19 Babylon,(BJ) the jewel of kingdoms,(BK)
    the pride and glory(BL) of the Babylonians,[b]
will be overthrown(BM) by God
    like Sodom and Gomorrah.(BN)
20 She will never be inhabited(BO)
    or lived in through all generations;
there no nomads(BP) will pitch their tents,
    there no shepherds will rest their flocks.
21 But desert creatures(BQ) will lie there,
    jackals(BR) will fill her houses;
there the owls(BS) will dwell,
    and there the wild goats(BT) will leap about.
22 Hyenas(BU) will inhabit her strongholds,(BV)
    jackals(BW) her luxurious palaces.
Her time is at hand,(BX)
    and her days will not be prolonged.(BY)

14 The Lord will have compassion(BZ) on Jacob;
    once again he will choose(CA) Israel
    and will settle them in their own land.(CB)
Foreigners(CC) will join them
    and unite with the descendants of Jacob.
Nations will take them
    and bring(CD) them to their own place.
And Israel will take possession of the nations(CE)
    and make them male and female servants in the Lord’s land.
They will make captives(CF) of their captors
    and rule over their oppressors.(CG)

On the day the Lord gives you relief(CH) from your suffering and turmoil(CI) and from the harsh labor forced on you,(CJ) you will take up this taunt(CK) against the king of Babylon:(CL)

How the oppressor(CM) has come to an end!
    How his fury[c] has ended!
The Lord has broken the rod(CN) of the wicked,(CO)
    the scepter(CP) of the rulers,
which in anger struck down peoples(CQ)
    with unceasing blows,
and in fury subdued(CR) nations
    with relentless aggression.(CS)
All the lands are at rest and at peace;(CT)
    they break into singing.(CU)
Even the junipers(CV) and the cedars of Lebanon
    gloat over you and say,
“Now that you have been laid low,
    no one comes to cut us down.”(CW)

The realm of the dead(CX) below is all astir
    to meet you at your coming;
it rouses the spirits of the departed(CY) to greet you—
    all those who were leaders(CZ) in the world;
it makes them rise from their thrones—
    all those who were kings over the nations.(DA)
10 They will all respond,
    they will say to you,
“You also have become weak, as we are;
    you have become like us.”(DB)
11 All your pomp has been brought down to the grave,(DC)
    along with the noise of your harps;(DD)
maggots are spread out beneath you
    and worms(DE) cover you.(DF)

12 How you have fallen(DG) from heaven,
    morning star,(DH) son of the dawn!
You have been cast down to the earth,
    you who once laid low the nations!(DI)
13 You said in your heart,
    “I will ascend(DJ) to the heavens;
I will raise my throne(DK)
    above the stars of God;
I will sit enthroned on the mount of assembly,(DL)
    on the utmost heights(DM) of Mount Zaphon.[d]
14 I will ascend above the tops of the clouds;(DN)
    I will make myself like the Most High.”(DO)
15 But you are brought down(DP) to the realm of the dead,(DQ)
    to the depths(DR) of the pit.(DS)

16 Those who see you stare at you,
    they ponder your fate:(DT)
“Is this the man who shook(DU) the earth
    and made kingdoms tremble,
17 the man who made the world a wilderness,(DV)
    who overthrew(DW) its cities
    and would not let his captives go home?”(DX)

18 All the kings of the nations lie in state,
    each in his own tomb.(DY)
19 But you are cast out(DZ) of your tomb
    like a rejected branch;
you are covered with the slain,(EA)
    with those pierced by the sword,(EB)
    those who descend to the stones of the pit.(EC)
Like a corpse trampled underfoot,
20     you will not join them in burial,(ED)
for you have destroyed your land
    and killed your people.

Let the offspring(EE) of the wicked(EF)
    never be mentioned(EG) again.
21 Prepare a place to slaughter his children(EH)
    for the sins of their ancestors;(EI)
they are not to rise to inherit the land
    and cover the earth with their cities.

22 “I will rise up(EJ) against them,”
    declares the Lord Almighty.
“I will wipe out Babylon’s name(EK) and survivors,
    her offspring and descendants,(EL)
declares the Lord.
23 “I will turn her into a place for owls(EM)
    and into swampland;
I will sweep her with the broom of destruction,(EN)
    declares the Lord Almighty.(EO)

24 The Lord Almighty has sworn,(EP)

“Surely, as I have planned,(EQ) so it will be,
    and as I have purposed, so it will happen.(ER)
25 I will crush the Assyrian(ES) in my land;
    on my mountains I will trample him down.
His yoke(ET) will be taken from my people,
    and his burden removed from their shoulders.(EU)

26 This is the plan(EV) determined for the whole world;
    this is the hand(EW) stretched out over all nations.
27 For the Lord Almighty has purposed,(EX) and who can thwart him?
    His hand(EY) is stretched out, and who can turn it back?(EZ)

A Prophecy Against the Philistines

28 This prophecy(FA) came in the year(FB) King Ahaz(FC) died:

29 Do not rejoice, all you Philistines,(FD)
    that the rod that struck you is broken;
from the root of that snake will spring up a viper,(FE)
    its fruit will be a darting, venomous serpent.(FF)
30 The poorest of the poor will find pasture,
    and the needy(FG) will lie down in safety.(FH)
But your root I will destroy by famine;(FI)
    it will slay(FJ) your survivors.(FK)

31 Wail,(FL) you gate!(FM) Howl, you city!
    Melt away, all you Philistines!(FN)
A cloud of smoke comes from the north,(FO)
    and there is not a straggler in its ranks.(FP)
32 What answer shall be given
    to the envoys(FQ) of that nation?
“The Lord has established Zion,(FR)
    and in her his afflicted people will find refuge.(FS)

A Prophecy Against Moab(FT)

15 A prophecy(FU) against Moab:(FV)

Ar(FW) in Moab is ruined,(FX)
    destroyed in a night!
Kir(FY) in Moab is ruined,
    destroyed in a night!
Dibon(FZ) goes up to its temple,
    to its high places(GA) to weep;
    Moab wails(GB) over Nebo(GC) and Medeba.
Every head is shaved(GD)
    and every beard cut off.(GE)
In the streets they wear sackcloth;(GF)
    on the roofs(GG) and in the public squares(GH)
they all wail,(GI)
    prostrate with weeping.(GJ)
Heshbon(GK) and Elealeh(GL) cry out,
    their voices are heard all the way to Jahaz.(GM)
Therefore the armed men of Moab cry out,
    and their hearts are faint.

My heart cries out(GN) over Moab;(GO)
    her fugitives(GP) flee as far as Zoar,(GQ)
    as far as Eglath Shelishiyah.
They go up the hill to Luhith,
    weeping as they go;
on the road to Horonaim(GR)
    they lament their destruction.(GS)
The waters of Nimrim are dried up(GT)
    and the grass is withered;(GU)
the vegetation is gone(GV)
    and nothing green is left.(GW)
So the wealth they have acquired(GX) and stored up
    they carry away over the Ravine of the Poplars.
Their outcry echoes along the border of Moab;
    their wailing reaches as far as Eglaim,
    their lamentation as far as Beer(GY) Elim.
The waters of Dimon[e] are full of blood,
    but I will bring still more upon Dimon[f]
a lion(GZ) upon the fugitives of Moab(HA)
    and upon those who remain in the land.

16 Send lambs(HB) as tribute(HC)
    to the ruler of the land,
from Sela,(HD) across the desert,
    to the mount of Daughter Zion.(HE)
Like fluttering birds
    pushed from the nest,(HF)
so are the women of Moab(HG)
    at the fords(HH) of the Arnon.(HI)

“Make up your mind,” Moab says.
    “Render a decision.
Make your shadow like night—
    at high noon.
Hide the fugitives,(HJ)
    do not betray the refugees.
Let the Moabite fugitives stay with you;
    be their shelter(HK) from the destroyer.”

The oppressor(HL) will come to an end,
    and destruction will cease;(HM)
    the aggressor will vanish from the land.
In love a throne(HN) will be established;(HO)
    in faithfulness a man will sit on it—
    one from the house[g] of David(HP)
one who in judging seeks justice(HQ)
    and speeds the cause of righteousness.

We have heard of Moab’s(HR) pride(HS)
    how great is her arrogance!—
of her conceit, her pride and her insolence;
    but her boasts are empty.
Therefore the Moabites wail,(HT)
    they wail together for Moab.
Lament and grieve
    for the raisin cakes(HU) of Kir Hareseth.(HV)
The fields of Heshbon(HW) wither,(HX)
    the vines of Sibmah(HY) also.
The rulers of the nations
    have trampled down the choicest vines,(HZ)
which once reached Jazer(IA)
    and spread toward the desert.
Their shoots spread out(IB)
    and went as far as the sea.[h](IC)
So I weep,(ID) as Jazer weeps,
    for the vines of Sibmah.
Heshbon and Elealeh,(IE)
    I drench you with tears!(IF)
The shouts of joy(IG) over your ripened fruit
    and over your harvests(IH) have been stilled.
10 Joy and gladness are taken away from the orchards;(II)
    no one sings or shouts(IJ) in the vineyards;
no one treads(IK) out wine at the presses,(IL)
    for I have put an end to the shouting.
11 My heart laments for Moab(IM) like a harp,(IN)
    my inmost being(IO) for Kir Hareseth.
12 When Moab appears at her high place,(IP)
    she only wears herself out;
when she goes to her shrine(IQ) to pray,
    it is to no avail.(IR)

13 This is the word the Lord has already spoken concerning Moab. 14 But now the Lord says: “Within three years,(IS) as a servant bound by contract(IT) would count them,(IU) Moab’s splendor and all her many people will be despised,(IV) and her survivors will be very few and feeble.”(IW)

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 13:6 Hebrew Shaddai
  2. Isaiah 13:19 Or Chaldeans
  3. Isaiah 14:4 Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint and Syriac; the meaning of the word in the Masoretic Text is uncertain.
  4. Isaiah 14:13 Or of the north; Zaphon was the most sacred mountain of the Canaanites.
  5. Isaiah 15:9 Dimon, a wordplay on Dibon (see verse 2), sounds like the Hebrew for blood.
  6. Isaiah 15:9 Dimon, a wordplay on Dibon (see verse 2), sounds like the Hebrew for blood.
  7. Isaiah 16:5 Hebrew tent
  8. Isaiah 16:8 Probably the Dead Sea