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Isaiah 18-22
Holman Christian Standard Bible
Isaiah 18-22
Holman Christian Standard Bible
The Lord’s Message to Cush
18 Ah! The land of buzzing insect wings[a]
beyond the rivers of Cush(A)
2 sends couriers by sea,
in reed vessels on the waters.
Go, swift messengers,
to a nation tall and smooth-skinned,
to a people feared far and near,
a powerful nation with a strange language,[b]
whose land is divided by rivers.
3 All you inhabitants of the world
and you who live on the earth,
when a banner is raised on the mountains, look!
When a trumpet sounds, listen!
4 For, the Lord said to me:
I will quietly look out from My place,
like shimmering heat in sunshine,
like a rain cloud in harvest heat.
5 For before the harvest, when the blossoming is over
and the blossom becomes a ripening grape,
He will cut off the shoots with a pruning knife,
and tear away and remove the branches.
6 They will all be left for the birds of prey on the hills
and for the wild animals of the land.
The birds will spend the summer on them,
and all the animals, the winter on them.
7 At that time a gift will be brought to Yahweh of Hosts from[c] a people tall and smooth-skinned,(B) a people feared far and near, a powerful nation with a strange language, whose land is divided by rivers—to Mount Zion, the place of the name of Yahweh of Hosts.
An Oracle against Egypt
19 An oracle(C) against Egypt:(D)
Look, the Lord rides on a swift cloud(E)
and is coming to Egypt.
Egypt’s idols will tremble before Him,(F)
and Egypt’s heart will melt within it.(G)
2 I will provoke Egypt against Egypt;
each will fight against his brother(H)
and each against his friend,
city against city, kingdom against kingdom.(I)
3 Egypt’s spirit will be disturbed within it,
and I will frustrate its plans.
Then they will seek idols, ghosts,
spirits of the dead, and spiritists.(J)
4 I will deliver Egypt into the hands of harsh masters,(K)
and a strong king will rule it.
This is the declaration of the Lord God of Hosts.
5 The waters of the sea will dry up,
and the river will be parched and dry.
6 The channels will stink;
they will dwindle, and Egypt’s canals will be parched.
Reed and rush will die.[d]
7 The reeds by the Nile, by the mouth of the river,
and all the cultivated areas of the Nile
will wither, blow away, and vanish.
8 Then the fishermen will mourn.
All those who cast hooks into the Nile will lament,
and those who spread nets on the water will shrivel up.
9 Those who work with flax will be dismayed;(L)
the combers and weavers will turn pale.[e]
10 Egypt’s weavers[f] will be dejected;
all her wage earners will be demoralized.
11 The princes of Zoan are complete fools;(M)
Pharaoh’s wisest advisers give stupid advice!
How can you say to Pharaoh,
“I am one[g] of the wise,
a student of eastern[h] kings”?
12 Where then are your wise men?
Let them tell you and reveal
what the Lord of Hosts has planned against Egypt.
13 The princes of Zoan have been fools;
the princes of Memphis are deceived.(N)
Her tribal chieftains have led Egypt astray.
14 The Lord has mixed within her a spirit of confusion.
The leaders have made Egypt stagger in all she does,
as a drunkard staggers in his vomit.
15 No head or tail, palm or reed,(O)
will be able to do anything for Egypt.
Egypt Will Know the Lord
16 On that day Egypt will be like women. She will tremble with fear because of the threatening hand of the Lord of Hosts when He raises it against her. 17 The land of Judah will terrify Egypt; whenever Judah is mentioned, Egypt will tremble because of what the Lord of Hosts has planned(P) against it.
18 On that day five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear loyalty to the Lord of Hosts. One of the cities will be called the City of the Sun.[i][j]
19 On that day there will be an altar to the Lord in the center of the land of Egypt and a pillar to the Lord near her border.(Q) 20 It will be a sign and witness to the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt. When they cry out to the Lord because of their oppressors, He will send them a savior and leader, and he will rescue them.(R) 21 The Lord will make Himself known to Egypt, and Egypt will know the Lord on that day. They will offer sacrifices and offerings;(S) they will make vows to the Lord and fulfill them. 22 The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and healing. Then they will return to the Lord and He will hear their prayers and heal them.
23 On that day there will be a highway(T) from Egypt to Assyria. Assyria will go to Egypt, Egypt to Assyria, and Egypt will worship with Assyria.
24 On that day Israel will form a triple alliance with Egypt and Assyria—a blessing within the land. 25 The Lord of Hosts will bless them, saying, “Egypt My people, Assyria My handiwork,(U) and Israel My inheritance are blessed.”(V)
No Help from Cush or Egypt
20 In the year that the chief commander,(W) sent by Sargon king of Assyria, came to Ashdod(X) and attacked and captured it— 2 during that time the Lord had spoken through Isaiah(Y) son of Amoz, saying, “Go, take off your sackcloth[k] and remove the sandals from your feet,” and he did so, going naked and barefoot(Z)— 3 the Lord said, “As My servant Isaiah has gone naked and barefoot three years as a sign and omen against Egypt and Cush,(AA) 4 so the king of Assyria will lead the captives of Egypt(AB) and the exiles of Cush, young and old alike, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks—to Egypt’s shame. 5 Those who made Cush their hope and Egypt their boast will be dismayed and ashamed.(AC) 6 And the inhabitants of this coastland will say on that day, ‘Look, this is what has happened to those we relied on and fled to for help to rescue us from the king of Assyria! Now, how will we escape?’”
A Judgment on Babylon
21 An oracle(AD) against the desert by the sea:(AE)
Like storms that pass over the Negev,
it comes from the desert, from the land of terror.
2 A troubling vision is declared to me:
“The treacherous one acts treacherously,(AF)
and the destroyer destroys.
Advance, Elam! Lay siege, you Medes!
I will put an end to all her groaning.”
3 Therefore I am[l] filled with anguish.
Pain grips me, like the pain of a woman in labor.(AG)
I am too perplexed to hear,
too dismayed to see.
4 My heart staggers;
horror terrifies me.
He has turned my last glimmer of hope[m]
into sheer terror.(AH)
5 Prepare a table,(AI) and spread out a carpet!
Eat and drink!
Rise up, you princes, and oil the shields!
6 For the Lord has said to me,
“Go, post a lookout;
let him report what he sees.
7 When he sees riders—
pairs of horsemen,
riders on donkeys,
riders on camels—
he must pay close attention.”
8 Then the lookout[n] reported,
“Lord, I stand on the watchtower all day,(AJ)
and I stay at my post all night.
9 Look, riders come—
horsemen in pairs.”
And he answered, saying,
“Babylon has fallen,(AK) has fallen.
All the images of her gods
have been shattered on the ground.”(AL)
10 My people who have been crushed
on the threshing floor,(AM)
I have declared to you
what I have heard from the Lord of Hosts,
the God of Israel.
An Oracle against Dumah
11 An oracle(AN) against Dumah:[o](AO)
One calls to me from Seir,(AP)
“Watchman, what is left of the night?
Watchman, what is left of the night?”
12 The watchman said,
“Morning has come, and also night.
If you want to ask, ask!
Come back again.”
An Oracle against Arabia
13 An oracle against Arabia:(AQ)
In the desert[p] brush
you will camp for the night,
you caravans of Dedanites.(AR)
14 Bring water for the thirsty.
The inhabitants of the land of Tema(AS)
meet[q] the refugees with food.
15 For they have fled from swords,
from the drawn sword,
from the bow that is strung,
and from the stress of battle.
16 For the Lord said this to me: “Within one year,(AT) as a hired worker counts years, all the glory of Kedar(AU) will be gone. 17 The remaining Kedarite archers will be few in number.” For the Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken.
An Oracle against Jerusalem
22 An oracle(AV) against the Valley of Vision:(AW)
What’s the matter with you?
Why have all of you gone up to the rooftops?(AX)
2 The noisy city, the jubilant town,(AY)
is filled with revelry.
Your dead did not die by the sword;
they were not killed in battle.
3 All your rulers have fled together,
captured without a bow.
All your fugitives were captured together;
they had fled far away.
4 Therefore I said,
“Look away from me! Let me weep bitterly!(AZ)
Do not try to comfort me
about the destruction of my dear[r] people.”
5 For the Lord God of Hosts
had a day of tumult, trampling, and confusion(BA)
in the Valley of Vision—
people shouting[s] and crying to the mountains;
6 Elam took up a quiver
with chariots and horsemen,[t]
and Kir(BB) uncovered the shield.
7 Your best valleys were full of chariots,
and horsemen were positioned at the gates.
8 He removed the defenses of Judah.
On that day you looked to the weapons in the House of the Forest.(BC) 9 You saw that there were many breaches in the walls of the city of David.(BD) You collected water from the lower pool.(BE) 10 You counted the houses of Jerusalem so that you could tear them down to fortify the wall. 11 You made a reservoir between the walls(BF) for the waters of the ancient pool,(BG) but you did not look to the One who made it, or consider the One who created it long ago.
12 On that day the Lord God of Hosts
called for weeping,(BH) for wailing, for shaven heads,
and for the wearing of sackcloth.
13 But look: joy and gladness,
butchering of cattle, slaughtering of sheep,
eating of meat, and drinking of wine—
“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”(BI)
14 The Lord of Hosts has directly revealed to me:(BJ)
“This sin of yours will never[u] be wiped out.”(BK)
The Lord God of Hosts has spoken.
An Oracle against Shebna
15 The Lord God of Hosts said: “Go to Shebna,(BL) that steward who is in charge of the palace, and say to him: 16 What are you doing here? Who authorized you to carve out a tomb for yourself here, carving your tomb on the height and cutting a crypt for yourself out of rock?(BM) 17 Look, you strong man! The Lord is about to shake you violently. He will take hold of you, 18 wind you up into a ball, and sling you into a wide land.[v] There you will die, and there your glorious chariots will be—a disgrace to the house of your lord. 19 I will remove you from your office; you will be ousted from your position.
20 “On that day I will call for my servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah.(BN) 21 I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will put your authority into his hand, and he will be like a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the House of Judah.(BO) 22 I will place the key(BP) of the House of David on his shoulder; what he opens, no one can close; what he closes, no one can open.(BQ) 23 I will drive him, like a peg, into a firm place. He will be a throne of honor for his father’s house. 24 They will hang on him the whole burden of his father’s house: the descendants and the offshoots—all the small vessels, from bowls to every kind of jar. 25 On that day”—the declaration of the Lord of Hosts—“the peg that was driven into a firm place will give way, be cut off, and fall, and the load on it will be destroyed.” Indeed, the Lord has spoken.
Footnotes
- Isaiah 18:1 Or of sailing ships
- Isaiah 18:2 Hb obscure
- Isaiah 18:7 DSS, LXX, Vg; MT omits from
- Isaiah 19:6 Or wilt, or become black
- Isaiah 19:9 DSS, Tg; MT reads weavers of white cloth
- Isaiah 19:10 Or foundations
- Isaiah 19:11 Lit a son
- Isaiah 19:11 Lit a son of ancient
- Isaiah 19:18 Some Hb mss, DSS, Sym, Tg, Vg, Arabic; other Hb mss read of Destruction; LXX reads of Righteousness
- Isaiah 19:18 = the ancient Egyptian city Heliopolis
- Isaiah 20:2 Lit off the sackcloth from your loins
- Isaiah 21:3 Lit Therefore my loins are
- Isaiah 21:4 Lit my twilight
- Isaiah 21:8 DSS, Syr; MT reads Then a lion
- Isaiah 21:11 Some Hb mss, LXX read Edom
- Isaiah 21:13 LXX, Syr, Tg, Vg read desert at evening
- Isaiah 21:14 LXX, Syr, Tg, Vg read meet as a command
- Isaiah 22:4 Lit of the daughter of my
- Isaiah 22:5 Or Vision—a tearing down of a wall, or Vision—Kir raged; Hb obscure
- Isaiah 22:6 Lit chariots of man
- Isaiah 22:14 Lit will not until you die
- Isaiah 22:18 Hb obscure
Isaiah 18-22
New International Version
Isaiah 18-22
New International Version
A Prophecy Against Cush
18 Woe(A) to the land of whirring wings[a]
along the rivers of Cush,[b](B)
2 which sends envoys(C) by sea
in papyrus(D) boats over the water.
Go, swift messengers,
to a people tall and smooth-skinned,(E)
to a people feared far and wide,
an aggressive(F) nation of strange speech,
whose land is divided by rivers.(G)
3 All you people of the world,(H)
you who live on the earth,
when a banner(I) is raised on the mountains,
you will see it,
and when a trumpet(J) sounds,
you will hear it.
4 This is what the Lord says to me:
“I will remain quiet(K) and will look on from my dwelling place,(L)
like shimmering heat in the sunshine,(M)
like a cloud of dew(N) in the heat of harvest.”
5 For, before the harvest, when the blossom is gone
and the flower becomes a ripening grape,
he will cut off(O) the shoots with pruning knives,
and cut down and take away the spreading branches.(P)
6 They will all be left to the mountain birds of prey(Q)
and to the wild animals;(R)
the birds will feed on them all summer,
the wild animals all winter.
7 At that time gifts(S) will be brought to the Lord Almighty
from a people tall and smooth-skinned,(T)
from a people feared(U) far and wide,
an aggressive nation of strange speech,
whose land is divided by rivers(V)—
the gifts will be brought to Mount Zion, the place of the Name of the Lord Almighty.(W)
A Prophecy Against Egypt
19 A prophecy(X) against Egypt:(Y)
See, the Lord rides on a swift cloud(Z)
and is coming to Egypt.
The idols of Egypt tremble before him,
and the hearts of the Egyptians melt(AA) with fear.
2 “I will stir up Egyptian against Egyptian—
brother will fight against brother,(AB)
neighbor against neighbor,
city against city,
kingdom against kingdom.(AC)
3 The Egyptians will lose heart,(AD)
and I will bring their plans(AE) to nothing;(AF)
they will consult the idols and the spirits of the dead,
the mediums and the spiritists.(AG)
4 I will hand the Egyptians over
to the power of a cruel master,
and a fierce king(AH) will rule over them,”
declares the Lord, the Lord Almighty.
5 The waters of the river will dry up,(AI)
and the riverbed will be parched and dry.(AJ)
6 The canals will stink;(AK)
the streams of Egypt will dwindle and dry up.(AL)
The reeds(AM) and rushes will wither,(AN)
7 also the plants(AO) along the Nile,
at the mouth of the river.
Every sown field(AP) along the Nile
will become parched, will blow away and be no more.(AQ)
8 The fishermen(AR) will groan and lament,
all who cast hooks(AS) into the Nile;
those who throw nets on the water
will pine away.
9 Those who work with combed flax(AT) will despair,
the weavers of fine linen(AU) will lose hope.
10 The workers in cloth will be dejected,
and all the wage earners will be sick at heart.
11 The officials of Zoan(AV) are nothing but fools;
the wise counselors(AW) of Pharaoh give senseless advice.(AX)
How can you say to Pharaoh,
“I am one of the wise men,(AY)
a disciple of the ancient kings”?
12 Where are your wise men(AZ) now?
Let them show you and make known
what the Lord Almighty
has planned(BA) against Egypt.
13 The officials of Zoan(BB) have become fools,
the leaders of Memphis(BC) are deceived;
the cornerstones(BD) of her peoples
have led Egypt astray.
14 The Lord has poured into them
a spirit of dizziness;(BE)
they make Egypt stagger in all that she does,
as a drunkard staggers(BF) around in his vomit.
15 There is nothing Egypt can do—
head or tail, palm branch or reed.(BG)
16 In that day(BH) the Egyptians will become weaklings.(BI) They will shudder with fear(BJ) at the uplifted hand(BK) that the Lord Almighty raises against them. 17 And the land of Judah will bring terror to the Egyptians; everyone to whom Judah is mentioned will be terrified,(BL) because of what the Lord Almighty is planning(BM) against them.
18 In that day(BN) five cities(BO) in Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance(BP) to the Lord Almighty. One of them will be called the City of the Sun.[c](BQ)
19 In that day(BR) there will be an altar(BS) to the Lord in the heart of Egypt,(BT) and a monument(BU) to the Lord at its border. 20 It will be a sign and witness(BV) to the Lord Almighty in the land of Egypt. When they cry out to the Lord because of their oppressors, he will send them a savior(BW) and defender, and he will rescue(BX) them. 21 So the Lord will make himself known to the Egyptians, and in that day they will acknowledge(BY) the Lord. They will worship(BZ) with sacrifices and grain offerings; they will make vows to the Lord and keep them.(CA) 22 The Lord will strike(CB) Egypt with a plague;(CC) he will strike them and heal them. They will turn(CD) to the Lord, and he will respond to their pleas and heal(CE) them.
23 In that day(CF) there will be a highway(CG) from Egypt to Assyria.(CH) The Assyrians will go to Egypt and the Egyptians to Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship(CI) together. 24 In that day(CJ) Israel will be the third, along with Egypt and Assyria,(CK) a blessing[d](CL) on the earth. 25 The Lord Almighty will bless(CM) them, saying, “Blessed be Egypt my people,(CN) Assyria my handiwork,(CO) and Israel my inheritance.(CP)”
A Prophecy Against Egypt and Cush
20 In the year that the supreme commander,(CQ) sent by Sargon king of Assyria, came to Ashdod(CR) and attacked and captured it— 2 at that time the Lord spoke through Isaiah son of Amoz.(CS) He said to him, “Take off the sackcloth(CT) from your body and the sandals(CU) from your feet.” And he did so, going around stripped(CV) and barefoot.(CW)
3 Then the Lord said, “Just as my servant(CX) Isaiah has gone stripped and barefoot for three years,(CY) as a sign(CZ) and portent(DA) against Egypt(DB) and Cush,[e](DC) 4 so the king(DD) of Assyria will lead away stripped(DE) and barefoot the Egyptian captives(DF) and Cushite(DG) exiles, young and old, with buttocks bared(DH)—to Egypt’s shame.(DI) 5 Those who trusted(DJ) in Cush(DK) and boasted in Egypt(DL) will be dismayed and put to shame.(DM) 6 In that day(DN) the people who live on this coast will say, ‘See what has happened(DO) to those we relied on,(DP) those we fled to for help(DQ) and deliverance from the king of Assyria! How then can we escape?(DR)’”
A Prophecy Against Babylon
21 A prophecy(DS) against the Desert(DT) by the Sea:
Like whirlwinds(DU) sweeping through the southland,(DV)
an invader comes from the desert,
from a land of terror.
2 A dire(DW) vision has been shown to me:
The traitor betrays,(DX) the looter takes loot.
Elam,(DY) attack! Media,(DZ) lay siege!
I will bring to an end all the groaning she caused.
3 At this my body is racked with pain,(EA)
pangs seize me, like those of a woman in labor;(EB)
I am staggered by what I hear,
I am bewildered(EC) by what I see.
4 My heart(ED) falters,
fear makes me tremble;(EE)
the twilight I longed for
has become a horror(EF) to me.
5 They set the tables,
they spread the rugs,
they eat, they drink!(EG)
Get up, you officers,
oil the shields!(EH)
6 This is what the Lord says to me:
“Go, post a lookout(EI)
and have him report what he sees.
7 When he sees chariots(EJ)
with teams of horses,
riders on donkeys
or riders on camels,(EK)
let him be alert,
fully alert.”
8 And the lookout[f](EL) shouted,
“Day after day, my lord, I stand on the watchtower;
every night I stay at my post.
9 Look, here comes a man in a chariot(EM)
with a team of horses.
And he gives back the answer:
‘Babylon(EN) has fallen,(EO) has fallen!
All the images of its gods(EP)
lie shattered(EQ) on the ground!’”
10 My people who are crushed on the threshing floor,(ER)
I tell you what I have heard
from the Lord Almighty,
from the God of Israel.
A Prophecy Against Edom
11 A prophecy against Dumah[g]:(ES)
Someone calls to me from Seir,(ET)
“Watchman, what is left of the night?
Watchman, what is left of the night?”
12 The watchman replies,
“Morning is coming, but also the night.
If you would ask, then ask;
and come back yet again.”
A Prophecy Against Arabia
13 A prophecy(EU) against Arabia:(EV)
You caravans of Dedanites,(EW)
who camp in the thickets of Arabia,
14 bring water for the thirsty;
you who live in Tema,(EX)
bring food for the fugitives.
15 They flee(EY) from the sword,(EZ)
from the drawn sword,
from the bent bow
and from the heat of battle.
16 This is what the Lord says to me: “Within one year, as a servant bound by contract(FA) would count it, all the splendor(FB) of Kedar(FC) will come to an end. 17 The survivors of the archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.(FD)” The Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken.(FE)
A Prophecy About Jerusalem
22 A prophecy(FF) against the Valley(FG) of Vision:(FH)
What troubles you now,
that you have all gone up on the roofs,(FI)
2 you town so full of commotion,
you city of tumult(FJ) and revelry?(FK)
Your slain(FL) were not killed by the sword,(FM)
nor did they die in battle.
3 All your leaders have fled(FN) together;
they have been captured(FO) without using the bow.
All you who were caught were taken prisoner together,
having fled while the enemy was still far away.
4 Therefore I said, “Turn away from me;
let me weep(FP) bitterly.
Do not try to console me
over the destruction of my people.”(FQ)
5 The Lord, the Lord Almighty, has a day(FR)
of tumult and trampling(FS) and terror(FT)
in the Valley of Vision,(FU)
a day of battering down walls(FV)
and of crying out to the mountains.
6 Elam(FW) takes up the quiver,(FX)
with her charioteers and horses;
Kir(FY) uncovers the shield.
7 Your choicest valleys(FZ) are full of chariots,
and horsemen are posted at the city gates.(GA)
8 The Lord stripped away the defenses of Judah,
and you looked in that day(GB)
to the weapons(GC) in the Palace of the Forest.(GD)
9 You saw that the walls of the City of David
were broken through(GE) in many places;
you stored up water
in the Lower Pool.(GF)
10 You counted the buildings in Jerusalem
and tore down houses(GG) to strengthen the wall.(GH)
11 You built a reservoir between the two walls(GI)
for the water of the Old Pool,(GJ)
but you did not look to the One who made it,
or have regard(GK) for the One who planned(GL) it long ago.
12 The Lord, the Lord Almighty,
called you on that day(GM)
to weep(GN) and to wail,
to tear out your hair(GO) and put on sackcloth.(GP)
13 But see, there is joy and revelry,(GQ)
slaughtering of cattle and killing of sheep,
eating of meat and drinking of wine!(GR)
“Let us eat and drink,” you say,
“for tomorrow we die!”(GS)
14 The Lord Almighty has revealed this in my hearing:(GT) “Till your dying day this sin will not be atoned(GU) for,” says the Lord, the Lord Almighty.
15 This is what the Lord, the Lord Almighty, says:
“Go, say to this steward,
to Shebna(GV) the palace(GW) administrator:(GX)
16 What are you doing here and who gave you permission
to cut out a grave(GY) for yourself(GZ) here,
hewing your grave on the height
and chiseling your resting place in the rock?
17 “Beware, the Lord is about to take firm hold of you
and hurl(HA) you away, you mighty man.
18 He will roll you up tightly like a ball
and throw(HB) you into a large country.
There you will die
and there the chariots(HC) you were so proud of
will become a disgrace to your master’s house.
19 I will depose you from your office,
and you will be ousted(HD) from your position.(HE)
20 “In that day(HF) I will summon my servant,(HG) Eliakim(HH) son of Hilkiah. 21 I will clothe him with your robe and fasten your sash(HI) around him and hand your authority(HJ) over to him. He will be a father to those who live in Jerusalem and to the people of Judah. 22 I will place on his shoulder(HK) the key(HL) to the house of David;(HM) what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.(HN) 23 I will drive him like a peg(HO) into a firm place;(HP) he will become a seat[h] of honor(HQ) for the house of his father. 24 All the glory of his family will hang on him: its offspring and offshoots—all its lesser vessels, from the bowls to all the jars.
25 “In that day,(HR)” declares the Lord Almighty, “the peg(HS) driven into the firm place will give way; it will be sheared off and will fall, and the load hanging on it will be cut down.” The Lord has spoken.(HT)
Footnotes
- Isaiah 18:1 Or of locusts
- Isaiah 18:1 That is, the upper Nile region
- Isaiah 19:18 Some manuscripts of the Masoretic Text, Dead Sea Scrolls, Symmachus and Vulgate; most manuscripts of the Masoretic Text City of Destruction
- Isaiah 19:24 Or Assyria, whose names will be used in blessings (see Gen. 48:20); or Assyria, who will be seen by others as blessed
- Isaiah 20:3 That is, the upper Nile region; also in verse 5
- Isaiah 21:8 Dead Sea Scrolls and Syriac; Masoretic Text A lion
- Isaiah 21:11 Dumah, a wordplay on Edom, means silence or stillness.
- Isaiah 22:23 Or throne
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