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Joshua 12-13
New English Translation

12 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land[a] on the east side of the Jordan,[b] from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern rift valley:[c]

2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived[d] in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley)—including the city in the middle of the valley[e] and half of Gilead—all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 3 His kingdom included[f] the eastern rift valley from the Sea of Kinnereth[g] to the sea of the rift valley (the Salt Sea),[h] including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.[i]

4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites,[j] who lived[k] in Ashtaroth and Edrei 5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.

6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land[l] to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes,[m] 8 including the hill country, the foothills,[n] the rift valley,[o] the slopes,[p] the wilderness, and the Negev[q]—the land of[r] the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:

9 the king of Jericho (one),
the king of Ai—located near Bethel—(one),
10 the king of Jerusalem (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
11 the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
12 the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
13 the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
14 the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
15 the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
16 the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel (one),
17 the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
18 the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
19 the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor (one),
20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
21 the king of Taanach (one),
the king of Megiddo (one),
22 the king of Kedesh (one),
the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),
23 the king of Dor—near Naphath Dor—(one),
the king of Goyim—near Gilgal—(one),
24 the king of Tirzah (one),

a total of thirty-one kings.

The Lord Speaks to Joshua

13 When Joshua was very old,[s] the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered. 2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites, 3 from the Shihor River[t] east of[u] Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory),[v] including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land[w] 4 to the south;[x] all the Canaanite territory,[y] from Arah[z] in the region of Sidon[aa] to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 5 the territory of Byblos[ab] and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath.[ac] 6 I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim,[ad] all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.[ae] 7 Now, divide up this land[af] among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”

Tribal Lands East of the Jordan

8 The other half of Manasseh,[ag] Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands on east side of the Jordan,[ah] just as Moses, the Lord’s servant, had assigned them. 9 Their territory started[ai] from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon, 10 and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border. 11 Their territory also included[aj] Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah— 12 the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.)[ak] Moses defeated them and took their lands.[al] 13 But the Israelites did not conquer[am] the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day. 14 However, Moses[an] did not assign land as an inheritance[ao] to the Levites; their inheritance[ap] is the sacrificial offerings[aq] made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed[ar] them.

15 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben[as] by its clans. 16 Their territory started at Aroer[at] (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba, 17 Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 18 Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 19 Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 20 Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth. 21 It encompassed[au] all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory).[av] 22 The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader,[aw] along with the others.[ax] 23 The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns.[ay]

24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad[az] by its clans. 25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half the Ammonite territory[ba] as far as Aroer near[bb] Rabbah. 26 Their territory ran[bc] from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 27 It included the valley of Beth Haram,[bd] Beth Nimrah, Sukkoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth.[be] 28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns.[bf]

29 Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh[bg] by its clans. 30 Their territory started at[bh] Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair[bi] in Bashan. 31 Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.

32 These are the land assignments made by Moses[bj] in the rift valley plains of Moab[bk] east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho.[bl] 33 However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance[bm] to the Levites; their inheritance[bn] is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed[bo] them.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 12:1 tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”
  2. Joshua 12:1 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”
  3. Joshua 12:1 sn The rift valley is a geographic feature that extends from Mt. Hermon to the Gulf of Aqaba and includes the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. The section described here extends from the border of Moab, the Arnon which runs into the middle of the Dead Sea, northward up the entire Jordan valley and beyond Galilee to Mt. Hermon at the border of Lebanon.
  4. Joshua 12:2 tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”
  5. Joshua 12:2 tc The MT reads here “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.
  6. Joshua 12:3 tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  7. Joshua 12:3 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
  8. Joshua 12:3 sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.
  9. Joshua 12:3 sn The slopes of Pisgah lie east of the northern tip of the Dead Sea.
  10. Joshua 12:4 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
  11. Joshua 12:4 tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”
  12. Joshua 12:6 tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”
  13. Joshua 12:7 tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”
  14. Joshua 12:8 sn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the transition region between the Judean hill country and the Mediterranean coastal plain. These are areas of eocene limestone with a distinct pattern of erosion, soil, and vegetation cover.
  15. Joshua 12:8 sn The rift valley (עֲרָבָה, ʿaravah) is a geographic feature extending from Galilee to the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Here it probably refers to the Jordan valley and an area extending south of the Dead Sea by the Negev.
  16. Joshua 12:8 sn The slopes (אֲשֵׁדוֹת, ʾashedot) refer to the ascent from the rift valley up to the hill country and to the flatlands (or wilderness) south of the hill country.
  17. Joshua 12:8 sn The Negev is the area of central southern Judah, south of the hill country and west of the rift valley. As a geographic feature it is a depression extending south to the Gulf of Aqaba, but the biblical reference is probably to the northern portion of the region.
  18. Joshua 12:8 tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  19. Joshua 13:1 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause.
  20. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
  21. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “in front of.”
  22. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”
  23. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”
  24. Joshua 13:4 tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.
  25. Joshua 13:4 tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”
  26. Joshua 13:4 tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).
  27. Joshua 13:4 tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”
  28. Joshua 13:5 tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”
  29. Joshua 13:5 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (levoʾ) is taken to mean “entrance to.”
  30. Joshua 13:6 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 641 s.v. מִשְׂרָפוֹת).
  31. Joshua 13:6 tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.”
  32. Joshua 13:7 tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”
  33. Joshua 13:8 tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7).
  34. Joshua 13:8 tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan to the east.”
  35. Joshua 13:9 tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  36. Joshua 13:11 tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  37. Joshua 13:12 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
  38. Joshua 13:12 tn Or “dispossessed them.”
  39. Joshua 13:13 tn Or “dispossess.”
  40. Joshua 13:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  41. Joshua 13:14 tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.”
  42. Joshua 13:14 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
  43. Joshua 13:14 tn Or “offerings made by fire.”
  44. Joshua 13:14 tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
  45. Joshua 13:15 tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.”
  46. Joshua 13:16 tn Heb “their territory was from.”
  47. Joshua 13:21 tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  48. Joshua 13:21 tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.”
  49. Joshua 13:22 tn Or “diviner.”
  50. Joshua 13:22 tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.”
  51. Joshua 13:23 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
  52. Joshua 13:24 tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”
  53. Joshua 13:25 tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”
  54. Joshua 13:25 tn Heb “which [is] in front of.”
  55. Joshua 13:26 tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
  56. Joshua 13:27 tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”
  57. Joshua 13:27 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
  58. Joshua 13:28 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
  59. Joshua 13:29 tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
  60. Joshua 13:30 tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
  61. Joshua 13:30 sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.”
  62. Joshua 13:32 tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.”
  63. Joshua 13:32 sn This is the area of rift valley basin to the north of the Dead Sea and east of the Jordan. Some translate as the “plains of Moab” (NASB, NIV, ESV) but this can give the wrong impression of the larger part of Moab above the rift valley. See the note at Num 22:1.
  64. Joshua 13:32 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
  65. Joshua 13:33 tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of.
  66. Joshua 13:33 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
  67. Joshua 13:33 tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
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Joshua 12-13
New International Version

List of Defeated Kings

12 These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites had defeated and whose territory they took(A) over east of the Jordan,(B) from the Arnon(C) Gorge to Mount Hermon,(D) including all the eastern side of the Arabah:(E)

2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon.(F)

He ruled from Aroer(G) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge—from the middle of the gorge—to the Jabbok River,(H) which is the border of the Ammonites.(I) This included half of Gilead.(J) 3 He also ruled over the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Galilee[a](K) to the Sea of the Arabah (that is, the Dead Sea(L)), to Beth Jeshimoth,(M) and then southward below the slopes of Pisgah.(N)

4 And the territory of Og king of Bashan,(O) one of the last of the Rephaites,(P) who reigned in Ashtaroth(Q) and Edrei.

5 He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salekah,(R) all of Bashan(S) to the border of the people of Geshur(T) and Maakah,(U) and half of Gilead(V) to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

6 Moses, the servant of the Lord, and the Israelites conquered them.(W) And Moses the servant of the Lord gave their land to the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh to be their possession.(X)

7 Here is a list of the kings of the land that Joshua and the Israelites conquered on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon(Y) to Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir. Joshua gave their lands as an inheritance to the tribes of Israel according to their tribal divisions. 8 The lands included the hill country, the western foothills, the Arabah, the mountain slopes, the wilderness and the Negev.(Z) These were the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. These were the kings:(AA)

9 the king of Jericho(AB)one
the king of Ai(AC) (near Bethel(AD))one
10 the king of Jerusalem(AE)one
the king of Hebronone
11 the king of Jarmuthone
the king of Lachish(AF)one
12 the king of Eglon(AG)one
the king of Gezer(AH)one
13 the king of Debir(AI)one
the king of Gederone
14 the king of Hormah(AJ)one
the king of Arad(AK)one
15 the king of Libnah(AL)one
the king of Adullam(AM)one
16 the king of Makkedah(AN)one
the king of Bethel(AO)one
17 the king of Tappuah(AP)one
the king of Hepher(AQ)one
18 the king of Aphek(AR)one
the king of Lasharonone
19 the king of Madonone
the king of Hazor(AS)one
20 the king of Shimron Meronone
the king of Akshaph(AT)one
21 the king of Taanach(AU)one
the king of Megiddo(AV)one
22 the king of Kedesh(AW)one
the king of Jokneam(AX) in Carmel(AY)one
23 the king of Dor (in Naphoth Dor(AZ))one
the king of Goyim in Gilgalone
24 the king of Tirzah(BA)one
thirty-one kings in all.(BB)

Land Still to Be Taken

13 When Joshua had grown old,(BC) the Lord said to him, “You are now very old, and there are still very large areas of land to be taken over.

2 “This is the land that remains: all the regions of the Philistines(BD) and Geshurites,(BE) 3 from the Shihor River(BF) on the east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron(BG) on the north, all of it counted as Canaanite though held by the five Philistine rulers(BH) in Gaza, Ashdod,(BI) Ashkelon,(BJ) Gath and Ekron; the territory of the Avvites(BK) 4 on the south; all the land of the Canaanites, from Arah of the Sidonians as far as Aphek(BL) and the border of the Amorites;(BM) 5 the area of Byblos;(BN) and all Lebanon(BO) to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon(BP) to Lebo Hamath.(BQ)

6 “As for all the inhabitants of the mountain regions from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim,(BR) that is, all the Sidonians, I myself will drive them out(BS) before the Israelites. Be sure to allocate this land to Israel for an inheritance, as I have instructed you,(BT) 7 and divide it as an inheritance(BU) among the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh.”

Division of the Land East of the Jordan

8 The other half of Manasseh,[b] the Reubenites and the Gadites had received the inheritance that Moses had given them east of the Jordan, as he, the servant of the Lord, had assigned(BV) it to them.(BW)

9 It extended from Aroer(BX) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the middle of the gorge, and included the whole plateau(BY) of Medeba as far as Dibon,(BZ) 10 and all the towns of Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon,(CA) out to the border of the Ammonites.(CB) 11 It also included Gilead,(CC) the territory of the people of Geshur and Maakah, all of Mount Hermon and all Bashan as far as Salekah(CD)— 12 that is, the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan,(CE) who had reigned in Ashtaroth(CF) and Edrei.(CG) (He was the last of the Rephaites.(CH)) Moses had defeated them and taken over their land.(CI) 13 But the Israelites did not drive out the people of Geshur(CJ) and Maakah,(CK) so they continue to live among the Israelites to this day.(CL)

14 But to the tribe of Levi he gave no inheritance, since the food offerings presented to the Lord, the God of Israel, are their inheritance, as he promised them.(CM)

15 This is what Moses had given to the tribe of Reuben, according to its clans:

16 The territory from Aroer(CN) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the middle of the gorge, and the whole plateau past Medeba(CO) 17 to Heshbon and all its towns on the plateau,(CP) including Dibon,(CQ) Bamoth Baal,(CR) Beth Baal Meon,(CS) 18 Jahaz,(CT) Kedemoth,(CU) Mephaath,(CV) 19 Kiriathaim,(CW) Sibmah,(CX) Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 20 Beth Peor,(CY) the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth— 21 all the towns on the plateau(CZ) and the entire realm of Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled at Heshbon. Moses had defeated him and the Midianite chiefs,(DA) Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba(DB)—princes allied with Sihon—who lived in that country. 22 In addition to those slain in battle, the Israelites had put to the sword Balaam son of Beor,(DC) who practiced divination.(DD) 23 The boundary of the Reubenites was the bank of the Jordan. These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the Reubenites, according to their clans.(DE)

24 This is what Moses had given to the tribe of Gad, according to its clans:

25 The territory of Jazer,(DF) all the towns of Gilead(DG) and half the Ammonite country as far as Aroer, near Rabbah;(DH) 26 and from Heshbon(DI) to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim(DJ) to the territory of Debir;(DK) 27 and in the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah,(DL) Sukkoth(DM) and Zaphon(DN) with the rest of the realm of Sihon king of Heshbon (the east side of the Jordan, the territory up to the end of the Sea of Galilee[c](DO)). 28 These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the Gadites,(DP) according to their clans.

29 This is what Moses had given to the half-tribe of Manasseh, that is, to half the family of the descendants of Manasseh, according to its clans:

30 The territory extending from Mahanaim(DQ) and including all of Bashan,(DR) the entire realm of Og king of Bashan(DS)—all the settlements of Jair(DT) in Bashan, sixty towns, 31 half of Gilead, and Ashtaroth and Edrei (the royal cities of Og in Bashan).(DU) This was for the descendants of Makir(DV) son of Manasseh—for half of the sons of Makir, according to their clans.(DW)

32 This is the inheritance Moses had given when he was in the plains of Moab(DX) across the Jordan east of Jericho.(DY) 33 But to the tribe of Levi, Moses had given no inheritance;(DZ) the Lord, the God of Israel, is their inheritance,(EA) as he promised them.(EB)

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 12:3 Hebrew Kinnereth
  2. Joshua 13:8 Hebrew With it (that is, with the other half of Manasseh)
  3. Joshua 13:27 Hebrew Kinnereth
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