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Continued Opposition to Rebuilding

Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arab, and the rest of our enemies found out that I had finished rebuilding the wall and that no gaps remained—though we had not yet set up the doors in the gates. So Sanballat and Geshem sent a message asking me to meet them at one of the villages[a] in the plain of Ono.

But I realized they were plotting to harm me, so I replied by sending this message to them: “I am engaged in a great work, so I can’t come. Why should I stop working to come and meet with you?”

Four times they sent the same message, and each time I gave the same reply. The fifth time, Sanballat’s servant came with an open letter in his hand, and this is what it said:

“There is a rumor among the surrounding nations, and Geshem[b] tells me it is true, that you and the Jews are planning to rebel and that is why you are building the wall. According to his reports, you plan to be their king. He also reports that you have appointed prophets in Jerusalem to proclaim about you, ‘Look! There is a king in Judah!’

“You can be very sure that this report will get back to the king, so I suggest that you come and talk it over with me.”

I replied, “There is no truth in any part of your story. You are making up the whole thing.”

They were just trying to intimidate us, imagining that they could discourage us and stop the work. So I continued the work with even greater determination.[c]

10 Later I went to visit Shemaiah son of Delaiah and grandson of Mehetabel, who was confined to his home. He said, “Let us meet together inside the Temple of God and bolt the doors shut. Your enemies are coming to kill you tonight.”

11 But I replied, “Should someone in my position run from danger? Should someone in my position enter the Temple to save his life? No, I won’t do it!” 12 I realized that God had not spoken to him, but that he had uttered this prophecy against me because Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him. 13 They were hoping to intimidate me and make me sin. Then they would be able to accuse and discredit me.

14 Remember, O my God, all the evil things that Tobiah and Sanballat have done. And remember Noadiah the prophet and all the prophets like her who have tried to intimidate me.

The Builders Complete the Wall

15 So on October 2[d] the wall was finished—just fifty-two days after we had begun. 16 When our enemies and the surrounding nations heard about it, they were frightened and humiliated. They realized this work had been done with the help of our God.

17 During those fifty-two days, many letters went back and forth between Tobiah and the nobles of Judah. 18 For many in Judah had sworn allegiance to him because his father-in-law was Shecaniah son of Arah, and his son Jehohanan was married to the daughter of Meshullam son of Berekiah. 19 They kept telling me about Tobiah’s good deeds, and then they told him everything I said. And Tobiah kept sending threatening letters to intimidate me.

After the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in the gates, the gatekeepers, singers, and Levites were appointed. I gave the responsibility of governing Jerusalem to my brother Hanani, along with Hananiah, the commander of the fortress, for he was a faithful man who feared God more than most. I said to them, “Do not leave the gates open during the hottest part of the day.[e] And even while the gatekeepers are on duty, have them shut and bar the doors. Appoint the residents of Jerusalem to act as guards, everyone on a regular watch. Some will serve at sentry posts and some in front of their own homes.”

Nehemiah Registers the People

At that time the city was large and spacious, but the population was small, and none of the houses had been rebuilt. So my God gave me the idea to call together all the nobles and leaders of the city, along with the ordinary citizens, for registration. I had found the genealogical record of those who had first returned to Judah. This is what was written there:

Here is the list of the Jewish exiles of the provinces who returned from their captivity. King Nebuchadnezzar had deported them to Babylon, but now they returned to Jerusalem and the other towns in Judah where they originally lived. Their leaders were Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah,[f] Reelaiah,[g] Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar,[h] Bigvai, Rehum,[i] and Baanah.

This is the number of the men of Israel who returned from exile:

The family of Parosh2,172
The family of Shephatiah372
10 The family of Arah652
11 The family of Pahath-moab (descendants of Jeshua and Joab)2,818
12 The family of Elam1,254
13 The family of Zattu845
14 The family of Zaccai760
15 The family of Bani[j]648
16 The family of Bebai628
17 The family of Azgad2,322
18 The family of Adonikam667
19 The family of Bigvai2,067
20 The family of Adin655
21 The family of Ater (descendants of Hezekiah)98
22 The family of Hashum328
23 The family of Bezai324
24 The family of Jorah[k]112
25 The family of Gibbar[l]95
26 The people of Bethlehem and Netophah188
27 The people of Anathoth128
28 The people of Beth-azmaveth42
29 The people of Kiriath-jearim, Kephirah, and Beeroth743
30 The people of Ramah and Geba621
31 The people of Micmash122
32 The people of Bethel and Ai123
33 The people of West Nebo[m]52
34 The citizens of West Elam[n]1,254
35 The citizens of Harim320
36 The citizens of Jericho345
37 The citizens of Lod, Hadid, and Ono721
38 The citizens of Senaah3,930

39 These are the priests who returned from exile:

The family of Jedaiah (through the line of Jeshua)973
40 The family of Immer1,052
41 The family of Pashhur1,247
42 The family of Harim1,017

43 These are the Levites who returned from exile:

The families of Jeshua and Kadmiel (descendants of Hodaviah[o])74
44 The singers of the family of Asaph148
45 The gatekeepers of the families of Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai138

46 The descendants of the following Temple servants returned from exile:

Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth,
47 Keros, Siaha,[p] Padon,
48 Lebanah, Hagabah, Shalmai,
49 Hanan, Giddel, Gahar,
50 Reaiah, Rezin, Nekoda,
51 Gazzam, Uzza, Paseah,
52 Besai, Meunim, Nephusim,[q]
53 Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur,
54 Bazluth,[r] Mehida, Harsha,
55 Barkos, Sisera, Temah,
56 Neziah, and Hatipha.

57 The descendants of these servants of King Solomon returned from exile:

Sotai, Hassophereth, Peruda,[s]
58 Jaalah,[t] Darkon, Giddel,
59 Shephatiah, Hattil, Pokereth-hazzebaim, and Ami.[u]

60 In all, the Temple servants and the descendants of Solomon’s servants numbered 392.

61 Another group returned at this time from the towns of Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Kerub, Addan,[v] and Immer. However, they could not prove that they or their families were descendants of Israel. 62 This group included the families of Delaiah, Tobiah, and Nekoda—a total of 642 people.

63 Three families of priests—Hobaiah, Hakkoz, and Barzillai—also returned. (This Barzillai had married a woman who was a descendant of Barzillai of Gilead, and he had taken her family name.) 64 They searched for their names in the genealogical records, but they were not found, so they were disqualified from serving as priests. 65 The governor told them not to eat the priests’ share of food from the sacrifices until a priest could consult the Lord about the matter by using the Urim and Thummim—the sacred lots.

66 So a total of 42,360 people returned to Judah, 67 in addition to 7,337 servants and 245 singers, both men and women. 68 They took with them 736 horses, 245 mules,[w] 69 435 camels, and 6,720 donkeys.

70 Some of the family leaders gave gifts for the work. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 gold coins,[x] 50 gold basins, and 530 robes for the priests. 71 The other leaders gave to the treasury a total of 20,000 gold coins[y] and some 2,750 pounds[z] of silver for the work. 72 The rest of the people gave 20,000 gold coins, about 2,500 pounds[aa] of silver, and 67 robes for the priests.

73 So the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the Temple servants, and some of the common people settled near Jerusalem. The rest of the people returned to their own towns throughout Israel.

Ezra Reads the Law

In October,[ab] when the Israelites had settled in their towns,

Footnotes

  1. 6:2 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads at Kephirim.
  2. 6:6 Hebrew Gashmu, a variant spelling of Geshem.
  3. 6:9 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads But now to strengthen my hands.
  4. 6:15 Hebrew on the twenty-fifth day of the month Elul, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This day was October 2, 445 B.c.; also see note on 1:1.
  5. 7:3 Or Keep the gates of Jerusalem closed until the sun is hot.
  6. 7:7a As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Azariah.
  7. 7:7b As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Raamiah.
  8. 7:7c As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Mispereth.
  9. 7:7d As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Nehum.
  10. 7:15 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:10; Hebrew reads Binnui.
  11. 7:24 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:18; Hebrew reads Hariph.
  12. 7:25 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:20; Hebrew reads Gibeon.
  13. 7:33 Or of the other Nebo.
  14. 7:34 Or of the other Elam.
  15. 7:43 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:40; Hebrew reads Hodevah.
  16. 7:47 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:44; Hebrew reads Sia.
  17. 7:52 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:50; Hebrew reads Nephushesim.
  18. 7:54 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:52; Hebrew reads Bazlith.
  19. 7:57 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:55; Hebrew reads Sotai, Sophereth, Perida.
  20. 7:58 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:56; Hebrew reads Jaala.
  21. 7:59 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:57; Hebrew reads Amon.
  22. 7:61 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:59; Hebrew reads Addon.
  23. 7:68 As in some Hebrew manuscripts (see also Ezra 2:66); most Hebrew manuscripts lack this verse. Verses 7:69-73 are numbered 7:68-72 in Hebrew text.
  24. 7:70 Hebrew 1,000 darics of gold, about 19 pounds or 8.6 kilograms in weight.
  25. 7:71a Hebrew 20,000 darics of gold, about 375 pounds or 170 kilograms in weight; also in 7:72.
  26. 7:71b Hebrew 2,200 minas [1,300 kilograms].
  27. 7:72 Hebrew 2,000 minas [1,200 kilograms].
  28. 7:73 Hebrew In the seventh month. This month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred within the months of October and November 445 B.c.

Further Opposition to the Rebuilding

When word came to Sanballat, Tobiah,(A) Geshem(B) the Arab and the rest of our enemies that I had rebuilt the wall and not a gap was left in it—though up to that time I had not set the doors in the gates— Sanballat and Geshem sent me this message: “Come, let us meet together in one of the villages[a] on the plain of Ono.(C)

But they were scheming to harm me; so I sent messengers to them with this reply: “I am carrying on a great project and cannot go down. Why should the work stop while I leave it and go down to you?” Four times they sent me the same message, and each time I gave them the same answer.

Then, the fifth time, Sanballat(D) sent his aide to me with the same message, and in his hand was an unsealed letter in which was written:

“It is reported among the nations—and Geshem[b](E) says it is true—that you and the Jews are plotting to revolt, and therefore you are building the wall. Moreover, according to these reports you are about to become their king and have even appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem: ‘There is a king in Judah!’ Now this report will get back to the king; so come, let us meet together.”

I sent him this reply: “Nothing like what you are saying is happening; you are just making it up out of your head.”

They were all trying to frighten us, thinking, “Their hands will get too weak for the work, and it will not be completed.”

But I prayed, “Now strengthen my hands.”

10 One day I went to the house of Shemaiah son of Delaiah, the son of Mehetabel, who was shut in at his home. He said, “Let us meet in the house of God, inside the temple(F), and let us close the temple doors, because men are coming to kill you—by night they are coming to kill you.”

11 But I said, “Should a man like me run away? Or should someone like me go into the temple to save his life? I will not go!” 12 I realized that God had not sent him, but that he had prophesied against me(G) because Tobiah and Sanballat(H) had hired him. 13 He had been hired to intimidate me so that I would commit a sin by doing this, and then they would give me a bad name to discredit me.(I)

14 Remember(J) Tobiah and Sanballat,(K) my God, because of what they have done; remember also the prophet(L) Noadiah and how she and the rest of the prophets(M) have been trying to intimidate me. 15 So the wall was completed on the twenty-fifth of Elul, in fifty-two days.

Opposition to the Completed Wall

16 When all our enemies heard about this, all the surrounding nations were afraid and lost their self-confidence, because they realized that this work had been done with the help of our God.

17 Also, in those days the nobles of Judah were sending many letters to Tobiah, and replies from Tobiah kept coming to them. 18 For many in Judah were under oath to him, since he was son-in-law to Shekaniah son of Arah, and his son Jehohanan had married the daughter of Meshullam son of Berekiah. 19 Moreover, they kept reporting to me his good deeds and then telling him what I said. And Tobiah sent letters to intimidate me.

After the wall had been rebuilt and I had set the doors in place, the gatekeepers,(N) the musicians(O) and the Levites(P) were appointed. I put in charge of Jerusalem my brother Hanani,(Q) along with Hananiah(R) the commander of the citadel,(S) because he was a man of integrity and feared(T) God more than most people do. I said to them, “The gates of Jerusalem are not to be opened until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are still on duty, have them shut the doors and bar them. Also appoint residents of Jerusalem as guards, some at their posts and some near their own houses.”

The List of the Exiles Who Returned(U)

Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it,(V) and the houses had not yet been rebuilt. So my God put it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials and the common people for registration by families. I found the genealogical record of those who had been the first to return. This is what I found written there:

These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles(W) whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town, in company with Zerubbabel,(X) Joshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah):

The list of the men of Israel:

the descendants of Parosh2,172
of Shephatiah372
10 of Arah652
11 of Pahath-Moab (through the line of Jeshua and Joab)2,818
12 of Elam1,254
13 of Zattu845
14 of Zakkai760
15 of Binnui648
16 of Bebai628
17 of Azgad2,322
18 of Adonikam667
19 of Bigvai2,067
20 of Adin(Y)655
21 of Ater (through Hezekiah)98
22 of Hashum328
23 of Bezai324
24 of Hariph112
25 of Gibeon95
26 the men of Bethlehem and Netophah(Z)188
27 of Anathoth(AA)128
28 of Beth Azmaveth42
29 of Kiriath Jearim, Kephirah(AB) and Beeroth(AC)743
30 of Ramah and Geba621
31 of Mikmash122
32 of Bethel and Ai(AD)123
33 of the other Nebo52
34 of the other Elam1,254
35 of Harim320
36 of Jericho(AE)345
37 of Lod, Hadid and Ono(AF)721
38 of Senaah3,930

39 The priests:

the descendants of Jedaiah (through the family of Jeshua)973
40 of Immer1,052
41 of Pashhur1,247
42 of Harim1,017

43 The Levites:

the descendants of Jeshua (through Kadmiel through the line of Hodaviah)74

44 The musicians:(AG)

the descendants of Asaph148

45 The gatekeepers:(AH)

the descendants of
Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita and Shobai138

46 The temple servants:(AI)

the descendants of
Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth,
47 Keros, Sia, Padon,
48 Lebana, Hagaba, Shalmai,
49 Hanan, Giddel, Gahar,
50 Reaiah, Rezin, Nekoda,
51 Gazzam, Uzza, Paseah,
52 Besai, Meunim, Nephusim,
53 Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur,
54 Bazluth, Mehida, Harsha,
55 Barkos, Sisera, Temah,
56 Neziah and Hatipha

57 The descendants of the servants of Solomon:

the descendants of
Sotai, Sophereth, Perida,
58 Jaala, Darkon, Giddel,
59 Shephatiah, Hattil,
Pokereth-Hazzebaim and Amon
60 The temple servants and the descendants of the servants of Solomon(AJ)392

61 The following came up from the towns of Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon and Immer, but they could not show that their families were descended from Israel:

62 the descendants of
Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda642

63 And from among the priests:

the descendants of
Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai (a man who had married a daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite and was called by that name).

64 These searched for their family records, but they could not find them and so were excluded from the priesthood as unclean. 65 The governor, therefore, ordered them not to eat any of the most sacred food until there should be a priest ministering with the Urim and Thummim.(AK)

66 The whole company numbered 42,360, 67 besides their 7,337 male and female slaves; and they also had 245 male and female singers. 68 There were 736 horses, 245 mules,[c] 69 435 camels and 6,720 donkeys.

70 Some of the heads of the families contributed to the work. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 darics[d] of gold, 50 bowls and 530 garments for priests. 71 Some of the heads of the families(AL) gave to the treasury for the work 20,000 darics[e] of gold and 2,200 minas[f] of silver. 72 The total given by the rest of the people was 20,000 darics of gold, 2,000 minas[g] of silver and 67 garments for priests.(AM)

73 The priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the musicians and the temple servants,(AN) along with certain of the people and the rest of the Israelites, settled in their own towns.(AO)

Ezra Reads the Law

When the seventh month came and the Israelites had settled in their towns,(AP)

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 6:2 Or in Kephirim
  2. Nehemiah 6:6 Hebrew Gashmu, a variant of Geshem
  3. Nehemiah 7:68 Some Hebrew manuscripts (see also Ezra 2:66); most Hebrew manuscripts do not have this verse.
  4. Nehemiah 7:70 That is, about 19 pounds or about 8.4 kilograms
  5. Nehemiah 7:71 That is, about 375 pounds or about 170 kilograms; also in verse 72
  6. Nehemiah 7:71 That is, about 1 1/3 tons or about 1.2 metric tons
  7. Nehemiah 7:72 That is, about 1 1/4 tons or about 1.1 metric tons