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After the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in the gates, the gatekeepers, singers, and Levites were appointed. I gave the responsibility of governing Jerusalem to my brother Hanani, along with Hananiah, the commander of the fortress, for he was a faithful man who feared God more than most. I said to them, “Do not leave the gates open during the hottest part of the day.[a] And even while the gatekeepers are on duty, have them shut and bar the doors. Appoint the residents of Jerusalem to act as guards, everyone on a regular watch. Some will serve at sentry posts and some in front of their own homes.”

Nehemiah Registers the People

At that time the city was large and spacious, but the population was small, and none of the houses had been rebuilt. So my God gave me the idea to call together all the nobles and leaders of the city, along with the ordinary citizens, for registration. I had found the genealogical record of those who had first returned to Judah. This is what was written there:

Here is the list of the Jewish exiles of the provinces who returned from their captivity. King Nebuchadnezzar had deported them to Babylon, but now they returned to Jerusalem and the other towns in Judah where they originally lived. Their leaders were Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah,[b] Reelaiah,[c] Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar,[d] Bigvai, Rehum,[e] and Baanah.

This is the number of the men of Israel who returned from exile:

The family of Parosh2,172
The family of Shephatiah372
10 The family of Arah652
11 The family of Pahath-moab (descendants of Jeshua and Joab)2,818
12 The family of Elam1,254
13 The family of Zattu845
14 The family of Zaccai760
15 The family of Bani[f]648
16 The family of Bebai628
17 The family of Azgad2,322
18 The family of Adonikam667
19 The family of Bigvai2,067
20 The family of Adin655
21 The family of Ater (descendants of Hezekiah)98
22 The family of Hashum328
23 The family of Bezai324
24 The family of Jorah[g]112
25 The family of Gibbar[h]95
26 The people of Bethlehem and Netophah188
27 The people of Anathoth128
28 The people of Beth-azmaveth42
29 The people of Kiriath-jearim, Kephirah, and Beeroth743
30 The people of Ramah and Geba621
31 The people of Micmash122
32 The people of Bethel and Ai123
33 The people of West Nebo[i]52
34 The citizens of West Elam[j]1,254
35 The citizens of Harim320
36 The citizens of Jericho345
37 The citizens of Lod, Hadid, and Ono721
38 The citizens of Senaah3,930

39 These are the priests who returned from exile:

The family of Jedaiah (through the line of Jeshua)973
40 The family of Immer1,052
41 The family of Pashhur1,247
42 The family of Harim1,017

43 These are the Levites who returned from exile:

The families of Jeshua and Kadmiel (descendants of Hodaviah[k])74
44 The singers of the family of Asaph148
45 The gatekeepers of the families of Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai138

46 The descendants of the following Temple servants returned from exile:

Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth,
47 Keros, Siaha,[l] Padon,
48 Lebanah, Hagabah, Shalmai,
49 Hanan, Giddel, Gahar,
50 Reaiah, Rezin, Nekoda,
51 Gazzam, Uzza, Paseah,
52 Besai, Meunim, Nephusim,[m]
53 Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur,
54 Bazluth,[n] Mehida, Harsha,
55 Barkos, Sisera, Temah,
56 Neziah, and Hatipha.

57 The descendants of these servants of King Solomon returned from exile:

Sotai, Hassophereth, Peruda,[o]
58 Jaalah,[p] Darkon, Giddel,
59 Shephatiah, Hattil, Pokereth-hazzebaim, and Ami.[q]

60 In all, the Temple servants and the descendants of Solomon’s servants numbered 392.

61 Another group returned at this time from the towns of Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Kerub, Addan,[r] and Immer. However, they could not prove that they or their families were descendants of Israel. 62 This group included the families of Delaiah, Tobiah, and Nekoda—a total of 642 people.

63 Three families of priests—Hobaiah, Hakkoz, and Barzillai—also returned. (This Barzillai had married a woman who was a descendant of Barzillai of Gilead, and he had taken her family name.) 64 They searched for their names in the genealogical records, but they were not found, so they were disqualified from serving as priests. 65 The governor told them not to eat the priests’ share of food from the sacrifices until a priest could consult the Lord about the matter by using the Urim and Thummim—the sacred lots.

66 So a total of 42,360 people returned to Judah, 67 in addition to 7,337 servants and 245 singers, both men and women. 68 They took with them 736 horses, 245 mules,[s] 69 435 camels, and 6,720 donkeys.

70 Some of the family leaders gave gifts for the work. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 gold coins,[t] 50 gold basins, and 530 robes for the priests. 71 The other leaders gave to the treasury a total of 20,000 gold coins[u] and some 2,750 pounds[v] of silver for the work. 72 The rest of the people gave 20,000 gold coins, about 2,500 pounds[w] of silver, and 67 robes for the priests.

73 So the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the Temple servants, and some of the common people settled near Jerusalem. The rest of the people returned to their own towns throughout Israel.

Ezra Reads the Law

In October,[x] when the Israelites had settled in their towns, all the people assembled with a unified purpose at the square just inside the Water Gate. They asked Ezra the scribe to bring out the Book of the Law of Moses, which the Lord had given for Israel to obey.

So on October 8[y] Ezra the priest brought the Book of the Law before the assembly, which included the men and women and all the children old enough to understand. He faced the square just inside the Water Gate from early morning until noon and read aloud to everyone who could understand. All the people listened closely to the Book of the Law.

Ezra the scribe stood on a high wooden platform that had been made for the occasion. To his right stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah. To his left stood Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam. Ezra stood on the platform in full view of all the people. When they saw him open the book, they all rose to their feet.

Then Ezra praised the Lord, the great God, and all the people chanted, “Amen! Amen!” as they lifted their hands. Then they bowed down and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground.

The Levites—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, and Pelaiah—then instructed the people in the Law while everyone remained in their places. They read from the Book of the Law of God and clearly explained the meaning of what was being read, helping the people understand each passage.

Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who were interpreting for the people said to them, “Don’t mourn or weep on such a day as this! For today is a sacred day before the Lord your God.” For the people had all been weeping as they listened to the words of the Law.

10 And Nehemiah[z] continued, “Go and celebrate with a feast of rich foods and sweet drinks, and share gifts of food with people who have nothing prepared. This is a sacred day before our Lord. Don’t be dejected and sad, for the joy of the Lord is your strength!”

11 And the Levites, too, quieted the people, telling them, “Hush! Don’t weep! For this is a sacred day.” 12 So the people went away to eat and drink at a festive meal, to share gifts of food, and to celebrate with great joy because they had heard God’s words and understood them.

The Festival of Shelters

13 On October 9[aa] the family leaders of all the people, together with the priests and Levites, met with Ezra the scribe to go over the Law in greater detail. 14 As they studied the Law, they discovered that the Lord had commanded through Moses that the Israelites should live in shelters during the festival to be held that month.[ab] 15 He had said that a proclamation should be made throughout their towns and in Jerusalem, telling the people to go to the hills to get branches from olive, wild olive,[ac] myrtle, palm, and other leafy trees. They were to use these branches to make shelters in which they would live during the festival, as prescribed in the Law.

16 So the people went out and cut branches and used them to build shelters on the roofs of their houses, in their courtyards, in the courtyards of God’s Temple, or in the squares just inside the Water Gate and the Ephraim Gate. 17 So everyone who had returned from captivity lived in these shelters during the festival, and they were all filled with great joy! The Israelites had not celebrated like this since the days of Joshua[ad] son of Nun.

18 Ezra read from the Book of the Law of God on each of the seven days of the festival. Then on the eighth day they held a solemn assembly, as was required by law.

The People Confess Their Sins

On October 31[ae] the people assembled again, and this time they fasted and dressed in burlap and sprinkled dust on their heads. Those of Israelite descent separated themselves from all foreigners as they confessed their own sins and the sins of their ancestors. They remained standing in place for three hours[af] while the Book of the Law of the Lord their God was read aloud to them. Then for three more hours they confessed their sins and worshiped the Lord their God. The Levites—Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Kenani—stood on the stairway of the Levites and cried out to the Lord their God with loud voices.

Then the leaders of the Levites—Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah—called out to the people: “Stand up and praise the Lord your God, for he lives from everlasting to everlasting!” Then they prayed:

“May your glorious name be praised! May it be exalted above all blessing and praise!

“You alone are the Lord. You made the skies and the heavens and all the stars. You made the earth and the seas and everything in them. You preserve them all, and the angels of heaven worship you.

“You are the Lord God, who chose Abram and brought him from Ur of the Chaldeans and renamed him Abraham. When he had proved himself faithful, you made a covenant with him to give him and his descendants the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Jebusites, and Girgashites. And you have done what you promised, for you are always true to your word.

“You saw the misery of our ancestors in Egypt, and you heard their cries from beside the Red Sea.[ag] 10 You displayed miraculous signs and wonders against Pharaoh, his officials, and all his people, for you knew how arrogantly they were treating our ancestors. You have a glorious reputation that has never been forgotten. 11 You divided the sea for your people so they could walk through on dry land! And then you hurled their enemies into the depths of the sea. They sank like stones beneath the mighty waters. 12 You led our ancestors by a pillar of cloud during the day and a pillar of fire at night so that they could find their way.

13 “You came down at Mount Sinai and spoke to them from heaven. You gave them regulations and instructions that were just, and decrees and commands that were good. 14 You instructed them concerning your holy Sabbath. And you commanded them, through Moses your servant, to obey all your commands, decrees, and instructions.

15 “You gave them bread from heaven when they were hungry and water from the rock when they were thirsty. You commanded them to go and take possession of the land you had sworn to give them.

16 “But our ancestors were proud and stubborn, and they paid no attention to your commands. 17 They refused to obey and did not remember the miracles you had done for them. Instead, they became stubborn and appointed a leader to take them back to their slavery in Egypt.[ah] But you are a God of forgiveness, gracious and merciful, slow to become angry, and rich in unfailing love. You did not abandon them, 18 even when they made an idol shaped like a calf and said, ‘This is your god who brought you out of Egypt!’ They committed terrible blasphemies.

19 “But in your great mercy you did not abandon them to die in the wilderness. The pillar of cloud still led them forward by day, and the pillar of fire showed them the way through the night. 20 You sent your good Spirit to instruct them, and you did not stop giving them manna from heaven or water for their thirst. 21 For forty years you sustained them in the wilderness, and they lacked nothing. Their clothes did not wear out, and their feet did not swell!

22 “Then you helped our ancestors conquer kingdoms and nations, and you placed your people in every corner of the land.[ai] They took over the land of King Sihon of Heshbon and the land of King Og of Bashan. 23 You made their descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and brought them into the land you had promised to their ancestors.

24 “They went in and took possession of the land. You subdued whole nations before them. Even the Canaanites, who inhabited the land, were powerless! Your people could deal with these nations and their kings as they pleased. 25 Our ancestors captured fortified cities and fertile land. They took over houses full of good things, with cisterns already dug and vineyards and olive groves and fruit trees in abundance. So they ate until they were full and grew fat and enjoyed themselves in all your blessings.

26 “But despite all this, they were disobedient and rebelled against you. They turned their backs on your Law, they killed your prophets who warned them to return to you, and they committed terrible blasphemies. 27 So you handed them over to their enemies, who made them suffer. But in their time of trouble they cried to you, and you heard them from heaven. In your great mercy, you sent them liberators who rescued them from their enemies.

28 “But as soon as they were at peace, your people again committed evil in your sight, and once more you let their enemies conquer them. Yet whenever your people turned and cried to you again for help, you listened once more from heaven. In your wonderful mercy, you rescued them many times!

29 “You warned them to return to your Law, but they became proud and obstinate and disobeyed your commands. They did not follow your regulations, by which people will find life if only they obey. They stubbornly turned their backs on you and refused to listen. 30 In your love, you were patient with them for many years. You sent your Spirit, who warned them through the prophets. But still they wouldn’t listen! So once again you allowed the peoples of the land to conquer them. 31 But in your great mercy, you did not destroy them completely or abandon them forever. What a gracious and merciful God you are!

32 “And now, our God, the great and mighty and awesome God, who keeps his covenant of unfailing love, do not let all the hardships we have suffered seem insignificant to you. Great trouble has come upon us and upon our kings and leaders and priests and prophets and ancestors—all of your people—from the days when the kings of Assyria first triumphed over us until now. 33 Every time you punished us you were being just. We have sinned greatly, and you gave us only what we deserved. 34 Our kings, leaders, priests, and ancestors did not obey your Law or listen to the warnings in your commands and laws. 35 Even while they had their own kingdom, they did not serve you, though you showered your goodness on them. You gave them a large, fertile land, but they refused to turn from their wickedness.

36 “So now today we are slaves in the land of plenty that you gave our ancestors for their enjoyment! We are slaves here in this good land. 37 The lush produce of this land piles up in the hands of the kings whom you have set over us because of our sins. They have power over us and our livestock. We serve them at their pleasure, and we are in great misery.”

The People Agree to Obey

38 [aj]The people responded, “In view of all this,[ak] we are making a solemn promise and putting it in writing. On this sealed document are the names of our leaders and Levites and priests.”

Footnotes

  1. 7:3 Or Keep the gates of Jerusalem closed until the sun is hot.
  2. 7:7a As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Azariah.
  3. 7:7b As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Raamiah.
  4. 7:7c As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Mispereth.
  5. 7:7d As in parallel text at Ezra 2:2; Hebrew reads Nehum.
  6. 7:15 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:10; Hebrew reads Binnui.
  7. 7:24 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:18; Hebrew reads Hariph.
  8. 7:25 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:20; Hebrew reads Gibeon.
  9. 7:33 Or of the other Nebo.
  10. 7:34 Or of the other Elam.
  11. 7:43 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:40; Hebrew reads Hodevah.
  12. 7:47 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:44; Hebrew reads Sia.
  13. 7:52 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:50; Hebrew reads Nephushesim.
  14. 7:54 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:52; Hebrew reads Bazlith.
  15. 7:57 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:55; Hebrew reads Sotai, Sophereth, Perida.
  16. 7:58 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:56; Hebrew reads Jaala.
  17. 7:59 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:57; Hebrew reads Amon.
  18. 7:61 As in parallel text at Ezra 2:59; Hebrew reads Addon.
  19. 7:68 As in some Hebrew manuscripts (see also Ezra 2:66); most Hebrew manuscripts lack this verse. Verses 7:69-73 are numbered 7:68-72 in Hebrew text.
  20. 7:70 Hebrew 1,000 darics of gold, about 19 pounds or 8.6 kilograms in weight.
  21. 7:71a Hebrew 20,000 darics of gold, about 375 pounds or 170 kilograms in weight; also in 7:72.
  22. 7:71b Hebrew 2,200 minas [1,300 kilograms].
  23. 7:72 Hebrew 2,000 minas [1,200 kilograms].
  24. 7:73 Hebrew In the seventh month. This month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred within the months of October and November 445 B.c.
  25. 8:2 Hebrew on the first day of the seventh month, of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This day was October 8, 445 B.c.; also see note on 1:1.
  26. 8:10 Hebrew he.
  27. 8:13 Hebrew On the second day, of the seventh month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This day was October 9, 445 B.c.; also see notes on 1:1 and 8:2.
  28. 8:14 Hebrew in the seventh month. This month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar usually occurs within the months of September and October. See Lev 23:39-43.
  29. 8:15 Or pine; Hebrew reads oil tree.
  30. 8:17 Hebrew Jeshua, a variant spelling of Joshua.
  31. 9:1 Hebrew On the twenty-fourth day of that same month, the seventh month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar. This day was October 31, 445 B.c.; also see notes on 1:1 and 8:2.
  32. 9:3 Hebrew for a quarter of a day.
  33. 9:9 Hebrew sea of reeds.
  34. 9:17 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads in their rebellion.
  35. 9:22 The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.
  36. 9:38a Verse 9:38 is numbered 10:1 in Hebrew text.
  37. 9:38b Or In spite of all this.

After the wall had been rebuilt and I had set the doors in place, the gatekeepers,(A) the musicians(B) and the Levites(C) were appointed. I put in charge of Jerusalem my brother Hanani,(D) along with Hananiah(E) the commander of the citadel,(F) because he was a man of integrity and feared(G) God more than most people do. I said to them, “The gates of Jerusalem are not to be opened until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are still on duty, have them shut the doors and bar them. Also appoint residents of Jerusalem as guards, some at their posts and some near their own houses.”

The List of the Exiles Who Returned(H)

Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it,(I) and the houses had not yet been rebuilt. So my God put it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials and the common people for registration by families. I found the genealogical record of those who had been the first to return. This is what I found written there:

These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles(J) whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town, in company with Zerubbabel,(K) Joshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah):

The list of the men of Israel:

the descendants of Parosh2,172
of Shephatiah372
10 of Arah652
11 of Pahath-Moab (through the line of Jeshua and Joab)2,818
12 of Elam1,254
13 of Zattu845
14 of Zakkai760
15 of Binnui648
16 of Bebai628
17 of Azgad2,322
18 of Adonikam667
19 of Bigvai2,067
20 of Adin(L)655
21 of Ater (through Hezekiah)98
22 of Hashum328
23 of Bezai324
24 of Hariph112
25 of Gibeon95
26 the men of Bethlehem and Netophah(M)188
27 of Anathoth(N)128
28 of Beth Azmaveth42
29 of Kiriath Jearim, Kephirah(O) and Beeroth(P)743
30 of Ramah and Geba621
31 of Mikmash122
32 of Bethel and Ai(Q)123
33 of the other Nebo52
34 of the other Elam1,254
35 of Harim320
36 of Jericho(R)345
37 of Lod, Hadid and Ono(S)721
38 of Senaah3,930

39 The priests:

the descendants of Jedaiah (through the family of Jeshua)973
40 of Immer1,052
41 of Pashhur1,247
42 of Harim1,017

43 The Levites:

the descendants of Jeshua (through Kadmiel through the line of Hodaviah)74

44 The musicians:(T)

the descendants of Asaph148

45 The gatekeepers:(U)

the descendants of
Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita and Shobai138

46 The temple servants:(V)

the descendants of
Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth,
47 Keros, Sia, Padon,
48 Lebana, Hagaba, Shalmai,
49 Hanan, Giddel, Gahar,
50 Reaiah, Rezin, Nekoda,
51 Gazzam, Uzza, Paseah,
52 Besai, Meunim, Nephusim,
53 Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur,
54 Bazluth, Mehida, Harsha,
55 Barkos, Sisera, Temah,
56 Neziah and Hatipha

57 The descendants of the servants of Solomon:

the descendants of
Sotai, Sophereth, Perida,
58 Jaala, Darkon, Giddel,
59 Shephatiah, Hattil,
Pokereth-Hazzebaim and Amon
60 The temple servants and the descendants of the servants of Solomon(W)392

61 The following came up from the towns of Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon and Immer, but they could not show that their families were descended from Israel:

62 the descendants of
Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda642

63 And from among the priests:

the descendants of
Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai (a man who had married a daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite and was called by that name).

64 These searched for their family records, but they could not find them and so were excluded from the priesthood as unclean. 65 The governor, therefore, ordered them not to eat any of the most sacred food until there should be a priest ministering with the Urim and Thummim.(X)

66 The whole company numbered 42,360, 67 besides their 7,337 male and female slaves; and they also had 245 male and female singers. 68 There were 736 horses, 245 mules,[a] 69 435 camels and 6,720 donkeys.

70 Some of the heads of the families contributed to the work. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 darics[b] of gold, 50 bowls and 530 garments for priests. 71 Some of the heads of the families(Y) gave to the treasury for the work 20,000 darics[c] of gold and 2,200 minas[d] of silver. 72 The total given by the rest of the people was 20,000 darics of gold, 2,000 minas[e] of silver and 67 garments for priests.(Z)

73 The priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the musicians and the temple servants,(AA) along with certain of the people and the rest of the Israelites, settled in their own towns.(AB)

Ezra Reads the Law

When the seventh month came and the Israelites had settled in their towns,(AC) all the people came together as one in the square before the Water Gate.(AD) They told Ezra the teacher of the Law to bring out the Book of the Law of Moses,(AE) which the Lord had commanded for Israel.

So on the first day of the seventh month(AF) Ezra the priest brought the Law(AG) before the assembly, which was made up of men and women and all who were able to understand. He read it aloud from daybreak till noon as he faced the square before the Water Gate(AH) in the presence of the men, women and others who could understand. And all the people listened attentively to the Book of the Law.

Ezra the teacher of the Law stood on a high wooden platform(AI) built for the occasion. Beside him on his right stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah and Maaseiah; and on his left were Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam.

Ezra opened the book. All the people could see him because he was standing(AJ) above them; and as he opened it, the people all stood up. Ezra praised the Lord, the great God; and all the people lifted their hands(AK) and responded, “Amen! Amen!” Then they bowed down and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground.

The Levites(AL)—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan and Pelaiah—instructed(AM) the people in the Law while the people were standing there. They read from the Book of the Law of God, making it clear[f] and giving the meaning so that the people understood what was being read.

Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and teacher of the Law, and the Levites(AN) who were instructing the people said to them all, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.”(AO) For all the people had been weeping as they listened to the words of the Law.

10 Nehemiah said, “Go and enjoy choice food and sweet drinks, and send some to those who have nothing(AP) prepared. This day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy(AQ) of the Lord is your strength.”

11 The Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be still, for this is a holy day. Do not grieve.”

12 Then all the people went away to eat and drink, to send portions of food and to celebrate with great joy,(AR) because they now understood the words that had been made known to them.

13 On the second day of the month, the heads of all the families, along with the priests and the Levites, gathered around Ezra the teacher to give attention to the words of the Law. 14 They found written in the Law, which the Lord had commanded through Moses, that the Israelites were to live in temporary shelters(AS) during the festival of the seventh month 15 and that they should proclaim this word and spread it throughout their towns and in Jerusalem: “Go out into the hill country and bring back branches from olive and wild olive trees, and from myrtles, palms and shade trees, to make temporary shelters”—as it is written.[g]

16 So the people went out and brought back branches and built themselves temporary shelters on their own roofs, in their courtyards, in the courts of the house of God and in the square by the Water Gate(AT) and the one by the Gate of Ephraim.(AU) 17 The whole company that had returned from exile built temporary shelters and lived in them.(AV) From the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day, the Israelites had not celebrated(AW) it like this. And their joy was very great.

18 Day after day, from the first day to the last, Ezra read(AX) from the Book of the Law(AY) of God. They celebrated the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, in accordance with the regulation,(AZ) there was an assembly.(BA)

The Israelites Confess Their Sins

On the twenty-fourth day of the same month, the Israelites gathered together, fasting and wearing sackcloth and putting dust on their heads.(BB) Those of Israelite descent had separated themselves from all foreigners.(BC) They stood in their places and confessed their sins and the sins of their ancestors.(BD) They stood where they were and read from the Book of the Law of the Lord their God for a quarter of the day, and spent another quarter in confession and in worshiping the Lord their God. Standing on the stairs of the Levites(BE) were Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani and Kenani. They cried out with loud voices to the Lord their God. And the Levites—Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah and Pethahiah—said: “Stand up and praise the Lord your God,(BF) who is from everlasting to everlasting.[h]

“Blessed be your glorious name,(BG) and may it be exalted above all blessing and praise. You alone are the Lord.(BH) You made the heavens,(BI) even the highest heavens, and all their starry host,(BJ) the earth(BK) and all that is on it, the seas(BL) and all that is in them.(BM) You give life to everything, and the multitudes of heaven(BN) worship you.

“You are the Lord God, who chose Abram(BO) and brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans(BP) and named him Abraham.(BQ) You found his heart faithful to you, and you made a covenant with him to give to his descendants the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Jebusites and Girgashites.(BR) You have kept your promise(BS) because you are righteous.(BT)

“You saw the suffering of our ancestors in Egypt;(BU) you heard their cry at the Red Sea.[i](BV) 10 You sent signs(BW) and wonders(BX) against Pharaoh, against all his officials and all the people of his land, for you knew how arrogantly the Egyptians treated them. You made a name(BY) for yourself,(BZ) which remains to this day. 11 You divided the sea before them,(CA) so that they passed through it on dry ground, but you hurled their pursuers into the depths,(CB) like a stone into mighty waters.(CC) 12 By day(CD) you led(CE) them with a pillar of cloud,(CF) and by night with a pillar of fire to give them light on the way they were to take.

13 “You came down on Mount Sinai;(CG) you spoke(CH) to them from heaven.(CI) You gave them regulations and laws that are just(CJ) and right, and decrees and commands that are good.(CK) 14 You made known to them your holy Sabbath(CL) and gave them commands, decrees and laws through your servant Moses. 15 In their hunger you gave them bread from heaven(CM) and in their thirst you brought them water from the rock;(CN) you told them to go in and take possession of the land you had sworn with uplifted hand(CO) to give them.(CP)

16 “But they, our ancestors, became arrogant and stiff-necked,(CQ) and they did not obey your commands.(CR) 17 They refused to listen and failed to remember(CS) the miracles(CT) you performed among them. They became stiff-necked(CU) and in their rebellion appointed a leader in order to return to their slavery.(CV) But you are a forgiving God,(CW) gracious and compassionate,(CX) slow to anger(CY) and abounding in love.(CZ) Therefore you did not desert them,(DA) 18 even when they cast for themselves an image of a calf(DB) and said, ‘This is your god, who brought you up out of Egypt,’ or when they committed awful blasphemies.(DC)

19 “Because of your great compassion you did not abandon(DD) them in the wilderness. By day the pillar of cloud(DE) did not fail to guide them on their path, nor the pillar of fire by night to shine on the way they were to take. 20 You gave your good Spirit(DF) to instruct(DG) them. You did not withhold your manna(DH) from their mouths, and you gave them water(DI) for their thirst. 21 For forty years(DJ) you sustained them in the wilderness; they lacked nothing,(DK) their clothes did not wear out nor did their feet become swollen.(DL)

22 “You gave them kingdoms and nations, allotting to them even the remotest frontiers. They took over the country of Sihon[j](DM) king of Heshbon and the country of Og king of Bashan.(DN) 23 You made their children as numerous as the stars in the sky,(DO) and you brought them into the land that you told their parents to enter and possess. 24 Their children went in and took possession of the land.(DP) You subdued(DQ) before them the Canaanites, who lived in the land; you gave the Canaanites into their hands, along with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with them as they pleased. 25 They captured fortified cities and fertile land;(DR) they took possession of houses filled with all kinds of good things,(DS) wells already dug, vineyards, olive groves and fruit trees in abundance. They ate to the full and were well-nourished;(DT) they reveled in your great goodness.(DU)

26 “But they were disobedient and rebelled against you; they turned their backs on your law.(DV) They killed(DW) your prophets,(DX) who had warned them in order to turn them back to you; they committed awful blasphemies.(DY) 27 So you delivered them into the hands of their enemies,(DZ) who oppressed them. But when they were oppressed they cried out to you. From heaven you heard them, and in your great compassion(EA) you gave them deliverers,(EB) who rescued them from the hand of their enemies.

28 “But as soon as they were at rest, they again did what was evil in your sight.(EC) Then you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies so that they ruled over them. And when they cried out to you again, you heard from heaven, and in your compassion(ED) you delivered them(EE) time after time.

29 “You warned(EF) them in order to turn them back to your law, but they became arrogant(EG) and disobeyed your commands. They sinned against your ordinances, of which you said, ‘The person who obeys them will live by them.’(EH) Stubbornly they turned their backs(EI) on you, became stiff-necked(EJ) and refused to listen.(EK) 30 For many years you were patient with them. By your Spirit you warned them through your prophets.(EL) Yet they paid no attention, so you gave them into the hands of the neighboring peoples.(EM) 31 But in your great mercy you did not put an end(EN) to them or abandon them, for you are a gracious and merciful(EO) God.

32 “Now therefore, our God, the great God, mighty(EP) and awesome,(EQ) who keeps his covenant of love,(ER) do not let all this hardship seem trifling in your eyes—the hardship(ES) that has come on us, on our kings and leaders, on our priests and prophets, on our ancestors and all your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until today. 33 In all that has happened to us, you have remained righteous;(ET) you have acted faithfully, while we acted wickedly.(EU) 34 Our kings,(EV) our leaders, our priests and our ancestors(EW) did not follow your law; they did not pay attention to your commands or the statutes you warned them to keep. 35 Even while they were in their kingdom, enjoying your great goodness(EX) to them in the spacious and fertile land you gave them, they did not serve you(EY) or turn from their evil ways.

36 “But see, we are slaves(EZ) today, slaves in the land you gave our ancestors so they could eat its fruit and the other good things it produces. 37 Because of our sins, its abundant harvest goes to the kings you have placed over us. They rule over our bodies and our cattle as they please. We are in great distress.(FA)

The Agreement of the People

38 “In view of all this, we are making a binding agreement,(FB) putting it in writing,(FC) and our leaders, our Levites and our priests are affixing their seals to it.”[k]

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 7:68 Some Hebrew manuscripts (see also Ezra 2:66); most Hebrew manuscripts do not have this verse.
  2. Nehemiah 7:70 That is, about 19 pounds or about 8.4 kilograms
  3. Nehemiah 7:71 That is, about 375 pounds or about 170 kilograms; also in verse 72
  4. Nehemiah 7:71 That is, about 1 1/3 tons or about 1.2 metric tons
  5. Nehemiah 7:72 That is, about 1 1/4 tons or about 1.1 metric tons
  6. Nehemiah 8:8 Or God, translating it
  7. Nehemiah 8:15 See Lev. 23:37-40.
  8. Nehemiah 9:5 Or God for ever and ever
  9. Nehemiah 9:9 Or the Sea of Reeds
  10. Nehemiah 9:22 One Hebrew manuscript and Septuagint; most Hebrew manuscripts Sihon, that is, the country of the
  11. Nehemiah 9:38 In Hebrew texts this verse (9:38) is numbered 10:1.