A Living Sacrifice

12 Therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, I urge you(A) to present your bodies as a living sacrifice,(B) holy and pleasing to God; this is your spiritual worship.[a] Do not be conformed(C) to this age,(D) but be transformed by the renewing of your mind,(E) so that you may discern what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will(F) of God.

Many Gifts but One Body

For by the grace(G) given to me, I tell everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he should think.(H) Instead, think sensibly, as God has distributed a measure of faith(I) to each one. Now as we have many parts in one body,(J) and all the parts do not have the same function, in the same way we who are many(K) are one body in Christ(L) and individually members of one another. According to the grace given to us, we have different gifts:(M)

If prophecy,(N)
use it according to the standard of one’s[b] faith;
if service,(O) in service;
if teaching,(P) in teaching;
if exhorting,(Q) in exhortation;
giving, with generosity;(R)
leading,(S) with diligence;
showing mercy, with cheerfulness.(T)

Christian Ethics

Love must be without hypocrisy.(U) Detest evil;(V) cling to what is good. 10 Show family affection to one another with brotherly love.(W) Outdo one another in showing honor.(X) 11 Do not lack diligence; be fervent in spirit;(Y) serve the Lord.(Z) 12 Rejoice in hope;(AA) be patient in affliction;(AB) be persistent in prayer.(AC) 13 Share with the saints in their needs;(AD) pursue hospitality.(AE) 14 Bless those who persecute you;(AF) bless and do not curse. 15 Rejoice with those who rejoice;(AG) weep with those who weep. 16 Be in agreement with one another.(AH) Do not be proud;(AI) instead, associate with the humble. Do not be wise in your own estimation.(AJ) 17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil.(AK) Try to do what is honorable(AL) in everyone’s eyes. 18 If possible, on your part, live at peace with everyone.(AM) 19 Friends, do not avenge yourselves; instead, leave room for His[c] wrath. For it is written: Vengeance belongs to Me; I will repay,(AN)[d] says the Lord. 20 But

If your enemy is hungry, feed him.(AO)
If he is thirsty, give him something to drink.
For in so doing
you will be heaping fiery coals on his head.(AP)[e]

21 Do not be conquered by evil, but conquer evil with good.

A Christian’s Duties to the State

13 Everyone must submit to the governing authorities,(AQ) for there is no authority except from God,(AR) and those that exist are instituted by God. So then, the one who resists the authority is opposing God’s command, and those who oppose it will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers are not a terror(AS) to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Do what is good, and you will have its approval. For government is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, because it does not carry the sword for no reason. For government is God’s servant, an avenger(AT) that brings wrath on the one who does wrong. Therefore, you must submit, not only because of wrath, but also because of your conscience.(AU) And for this reason you pay taxes, since the authorities are God’s public servants, continually attending to these tasks.[f] Pay your obligations(AV) to everyone: taxes to those you owe taxes,(AW) tolls to those you owe tolls, respect to those you owe respect,(AX) and honor to those you owe honor.

Love, Our Primary Duty

Do not owe anyone anything,[g] except to love one another, for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law.(AY) The commandments:

Do not commit adultery;
do not murder;
do not steal;[h]
do not covet;(AZ)[i]

and whatever other commandment—all are summed up by this: Love your neighbor as yourself.(BA)[j]

10 Love does no wrong to a neighbor. Love, therefore, is the fulfillment of the law.

Put On Christ

11 Besides this, knowing the time, it is already the hour(BB) for you[k] to wake up from sleep,(BC) for now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed.(BD) 12 The night is nearly over, and the daylight is near,(BE) so let us discard the deeds of darkness(BF) and put on the armor of light.(BG) 13 Let us walk with decency,(BH) as in the daylight: not in carousing and drunkenness;(BI) not in sexual impurity and promiscuity; not in quarreling and jealousy. 14 But put on the Lord Jesus Christ,(BJ) and make no plans to satisfy the fleshly desires.(BK)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 12:1 Or your reasonable service
  2. Romans 12:6 Or the
  3. Romans 12:19 Lit the
  4. Romans 12:19 Dt 32:35
  5. Romans 12:20 Pr 25:21-22
  6. Romans 13:6 Lit to this very thing
  7. Romans 13:8 Or Leave no debt outstanding to anyone
  8. Romans 13:9 Other mss add you shall not bear false witness
  9. Romans 13:9 Ex 20:13-17; Dt 5:17-21
  10. Romans 13:9 Lv 19:18
  11. Romans 13:11 Other mss read for us

A Living Sacrifice

12 Therefore, I urge you,(A) brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice,(B) holy and pleasing to God—this is your true and proper worship. Do not conform(C) to the pattern of this world,(D) but be transformed by the renewing of your mind.(E) Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is(F)—his good, pleasing(G) and perfect will.

Humble Service in the Body of Christ

For by the grace given me(H) I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the faith God has distributed to each of you. For just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function,(I) so in Christ we, though many, form one body,(J) and each member belongs to all the others. We have different gifts,(K) according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying,(L) then prophesy in accordance with your[a] faith;(M) if it is serving, then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;(N) if it is to encourage, then give encouragement;(O) if it is giving, then give generously;(P) if it is to lead,[b] do it diligently; if it is to show mercy, do it cheerfully.

Love in Action

Love must be sincere.(Q) Hate what is evil; cling to what is good.(R) 10 Be devoted to one another in love.(S) Honor one another above yourselves.(T) 11 Never be lacking in zeal, but keep your spiritual fervor,(U) serving the Lord. 12 Be joyful in hope,(V) patient in affliction,(W) faithful in prayer.(X) 13 Share with the Lord’s people who are in need.(Y) Practice hospitality.(Z)

14 Bless those who persecute you;(AA) bless and do not curse. 15 Rejoice with those who rejoice; mourn with those who mourn.(AB) 16 Live in harmony with one another.(AC) Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position.[c] Do not be conceited.(AD)

17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil.(AE) Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everyone.(AF) 18 If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.(AG) 19 Do not take revenge,(AH) my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: “It is mine to avenge; I will repay,”[d](AI) says the Lord. 20 On the contrary:

“If your enemy is hungry, feed him;
    if he is thirsty, give him something to drink.
In doing this, you will heap burning coals on his head.”[e](AJ)

21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.

Submission to Governing Authorities

13 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities,(AK) for there is no authority except that which God has established.(AL) The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted,(AM) and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended.(AN) For the one in authority is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do not bear the sword for no reason. They are God’s servants, agents of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer.(AO) Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience.(AP)

This is also why you pay taxes,(AQ) for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes;(AR) if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.

Love Fulfills the Law

Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for whoever loves others has fulfilled the law.(AS) The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,”[f](AT) and whatever other command there may be, are summed up(AU) in this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”[g](AV) 10 Love does no harm to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.(AW)

The Day Is Near

11 And do this, understanding the present time: The hour has already come(AX) for you to wake up from your slumber,(AY) because our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed. 12 The night is nearly over; the day is almost here.(AZ) So let us put aside the deeds of darkness(BA) and put on the armor(BB) of light. 13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness,(BC) not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy.(BD) 14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ,(BE) and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh.[h](BF)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 12:6 Or the
  2. Romans 12:8 Or to provide for others
  3. Romans 12:16 Or willing to do menial work
  4. Romans 12:19 Deut. 32:35
  5. Romans 12:20 Prov. 25:21,22
  6. Romans 13:9 Exodus 20:13-15,17; Deut. 5:17-19,21
  7. Romans 13:9 Lev. 19:18
  8. Romans 13:14 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.