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I saw that the ram was butting westward, northward, and southward. No animal[a] was able to stand before it, and there was none who could deliver from its power.[b] It did as it pleased and acted arrogantly.[c]

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Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:4 tn Or “beast” (NAB).
  2. Daniel 8:4 tn Heb “hand,” as also in v. 7.
  3. Daniel 8:4 tn In the Hiphil the Hebrew verb גָּדַל (gadal, “to make great; to magnify”) can have either a positive or a negative sense. For the former, used especially of God, see Ps 126:2, 3 and Joel 2:21. In this chapter (8:4, 8, 11, 25) the word has a pejorative sense, describing the self-glorification of this king. The sense seems to be that of vainly assuming one’s own superiority through deliberate hubris.

I watched the ram as it charged toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power.(A) It did as it pleased(B) and became great.

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